fatty acids

hydrocarbons

• only Cs and Hs

• super hydrohobic

• super flammable

why are hydrocarbons so reactive and have so much energy?

because carbons are the most reduced form

fats

have long hydrocarbons tails that store a lot of energy

lipids

big things that are hydrophobic

• energy storage

• membrane structure

• signaling

fatty acids

• generally even numbered Cs

• long chains of fatty acids

saturated fatty acids

only single bonds on tail

• solid at room temp

• pack tightly

unsaturated fatty acids

double bonds in tail

• dont pack as tightly as

• liquid at room temp

triacylglycerols

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

• 2.5x more energy dense than glycogen

how is fatty acids biosynthesis regulated?

anabolism and catabolism are separated 4(bc it takes so much energy to make/ break down each one

• separated by dif pathways and dif enzymes in dif locations

to build a fatty acids, what carrier is used?

acrylic-carrier protein → adds on what were building after taking it off of acetyl-CoA

biosynthesis involves adding 2 Cs through…

3 C malonyl group

biosynthesis of fatty acids uses what electron carrier?

NADPH

breakdown of fatty acids involves what electron carrier?

NADH

where does fatty acids involves biosynthesis happen?

cytosol

where does fatty acids involves catabolism happen?

mitochondria

fatty acid synthase

one enzyme that has a ton of active sites that each do a different thing to make or break down a fatty acids

• 7 active sites

• makes saturated palmitic acid

fatty acid synthesis: preparatory steps

1. acetyl-CoA→ malonyl-CoA

2. CoA swapped for ACP (acrylic carrier protein)

3. take 2nd acetyl-CoA → Acetyl-ACP

4. condense acetyl-ACP+malonyl-ACP → 4C chain