Simulated Diagnostic Laboratory

east avenue medical center

east avenue medical center

national reference laboratory for drug testing

diagnostic laboratory

type of lab where tests are carried out on clinical specimens to obtain information about the health of a patient

clinical pathology

deals with the chemical & cellular analyses of blood and other body fluids, identification & examination of microbes and parasites

anatomic pathology

provides processing & examination of surgical specimens (microscopic structure of tissues, surgical pathology, cytopathology, immunohistochemical techniques, autopsies, and forensic pathology

molecular pathology

deals with the analysis of certain genes, proteins, and other molecules in samples for organs, tissues, or bodily fluids in order to diagnose disease

institution-based

is located in the premises & operates as part of a DOH licensed health facility

non-institution based

operates independently and is not attached to any DOH licensed health facility

government-owned

operated and maintained, partially or wholly, by the national government, a local government unit

privately-owned

established & operated with funds through donation, principal, investment, or other means, by any individual, corporation, association or organization

primary laboratory

provides minimum service capabilities

secondary laboratory

provides the minimum service capabilities of a primary category with additional services

tertiary laboratory

provides the minimum service capabilities of a secondary category with additional services

phlebotomy section

place where drawing of blood and collecting specimen occurs

hematology section

• performs routine & special tests on the components of blood

• WBC & RBC count, platelet count, hematocrit count

clinical chemistry section

• where patient’s blood and other body fluids are checked for various chemical components

• ALT, AFP, Bilirubin test, BUN, AST, FBS, heavy metal analysis

clinical microscopy section

• performs routine and special tests on patients’ urine & fecal samples

• fecalysis, urinalysis, pregnancy test, Ketone,

immunology and serology section

• performs tests in serum and autoimmune reactions in the blood

• reaction to virus

blood bank section

• perform tests for blood transfusion

• blood typing, antibody screening, crossmatching, ABO & Rh type

histopathology section

• examine tissues to detect possible diseases

• pap smear, autopsies, staining, biopsies

microbiology section

• perform cultures, examines, and identifies microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeasts

• viral load, culture & sensitivity

molecular biology section

• used to detect microorganisms, look for genetic mutations associated with certain infectious diseases and cancers

• COVID-19 testing and other special tests

virology section

• can be under microbiology laboratory

• sole institution for handling viral specimens

anti

greek work for ‘against’

septikos

greek work for ‘putrefactive’

putrefactive

‘septikos’ means?

anti

‘against’ means?

70% isopropyl alcohol

most common antiseptic

• povidone-iodine pads

• benzalkonium chloride

• chlorhexadine gluconate

what are the alternative antiseptic pads for patients w/ allergies to 70% isopropyl alcohol

inner to outer

manner of disinfecting the collection site

30 seconds

how long you should wait to apply for the next antiseptic

alcohol-iodine-alcohol

manner of disinfection or applying antiseptic

cold compress

in case of hematoma, advise the patient to apply ____

warm compress

in case of hematoma, advise the patient to cold compress, however , if it is still prevalent after 24 hours apply ____

eye level

needles & sharps disposal container should be in ____ of the phlebotomist

gauze pad

sterilized 2x2 pads hold pressure over the site

biohazard bags

leak-proof plastic bags commonly used for transporting blood from the collection site to the laboratory

slides

make blood films for hematology determinations

permanent and non-smear ink

pen used to label tubes and record other patient information should be?

watch

accurately determine specimen collection time and time certain tests

after

labeling of specimens must be done ____ collection when?

patient ID equipment

uses barcode to identify patients with the use of ID band and barcode readers to generate labels for specimen tubes

radio frequency identification (RFID)

systems can also be used in patient ID equipment

vein viewer

uses high intensity LED or infrared red light to highlight veins

hemoglobin

absorbs the light causing the veins to stand out as dark lines

tourniquet

inflates vein for easy palpation & visualization

compress vein and restrict blood flow

tourniquet is applied around a patient’s arm to ___ and ___

1 minute

tourniquet is applied not longer than ____

evacuated tube system

multi-sample needles

syringe system

hypodermic needles

butterfly system

winged infusion

1 to 1.5 inches

needle length for multi sample needle

0.5 to 0.75 inches

needle length for butterfly system

it varies

needle length for syringe system

tube holder

clear, plastic, disposable cylinder with a small threaded opening at one end (hub) where needle is screwed into

flanges

the large end has ___ or extensions on the sides that aid in tube placement & removal; important in inserting the test tube

1.8 to 15mL

size/volume of blood collecting tubes

inversely

gauge of the needle is ____ proportional to the size of the diameter

antiseptic

reduce the number of microorganism but does not sterilize the site

sterilization

uses of heat, radiation, chemical, autoclave

sterilization

kill or removes all living organisms and spores from objects

disinfection

chemical substances or solutions regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

10 minutes

how long is the contact time for disinfecting

disinfection

remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces & instruments (10% bleach)

1:10

ratio of disinfectant

bevel

end portion of the needle that pierces the vein

shaft

long cylindrical portion of needle

hub

end portion of needled that is attached to the blood collection device

lumen

internal space of the needle

needle sheath/cap

covering of the needle

up

bevel ___ to avoid resistance in blood flow

121 C and 20 minutes

temperature and time for sterilization (15psi)

• blood

• urine

• stool

• sputum

• tissue sample

• CSF sample and other body fluid

SPECIMENS USED IN DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY