Lesson 5: Communication Disorders (Pt. 2)

Disorders

Language Disorder

The essential features of ________ are difficulties in the acquisition and use of language due to deficits in the comprehension or production of vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure, and discourse

Language Deficits

The _________ in Language Disorder are evident in spoken communication, written communication, or sign language

Language Disorder

The following falls under _______ in differential diagnosis:

• Normal Variations in Language

• Hearing or Other Sensory Impairment

• Intellectual Disability

• Autism Spectrum Disorder

• Neurological Disorders

• Language Regressions

Speech Sound Disorder

It refers to the difficulty in producing speech sounds, impacting a person's ability to speak clearly, where speech sound production describes the clear articulation of the phonemes (i.e., individual sounds) that in combination make up spoken words.

Speech Sound Disorder

The following falls under _______ in differential diagnosis:

• Normal Variations in Speech

• Hearing or Other Sensory Impairment

• Structural Deficits

• Dysarthria

• Selective Mutism

Dysarthria

________ is where you have difficulty speaking because the muscles you use for speech are weak

Selective Mutism

_______ is an anxiety disorder where a person is unable to speak in certain social situations, despite being able to speak in others, such as at home

Fluency Disorders

It is characterized by repeated interruptions, hesitations, or repetitions that seriously interfere with the flow of communication

Fluency in Speech

________ is referred to as the reasonably smooth flow of words and sentences, has a rhythm and timing that is steady, regular and rapid with respect to speed and continuity

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder

It refers to the disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual’s age

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder

It is also known as “Stuttering”, which is a speech condition that disrupts the normal flow of speech

Stuttering

A person dealing with ________:

• Knows what they want to say but struggle with executing speech

• Knows there is an issue

• Demonstrates a slower rate of speech, usually as a result of trying to compensate

• Experience disfluencies which tends to be repetitions, prolongations, or blocks

• Has their prosody (rhythm and melody) of speech usually not affected

Cluttering

A person dealing with _______:

• Often starts off knowing what they want to say but gets derailed in the process

• Is usually less likely to recognize the problem.

• Consider a slower rate of speech as seldom an issue and often not intentional.

• Has disfluencies that tend to be interjections, phrase repetitions, and revisions

• May have slurred speech

• Has prosody often affected

Tourette Syndrome

It is a neurological disorder that may cause sudden, unwanted, and uncontrolled rapid and repeated movements or vocal sounds called tics

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Characterized by a primary difficulty with pragmatics as manifested by deficits in understanding and following social rules of both verbal and nonverbal communication in naturalistic contexts, changing language according to the needs of the listener or situation, and following rules for conversations and storytelling

Social Communication Disorder

The following falls under _______ in differential diagnosis:

• Autism Spectrum Disorder

• ADHD

• Social Anxiety Disorder

• IDD

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder

The following falls under _______ in differential diagnosis:

• Normal Variations in Dysfluencies

• Specific Learning Disorder, with Impairment in Reading

• Bilingualism

• Medication Side Effects

• Adult-Onset Dysfluencies

• Tourette’s Disorder

Unspecified Communication Disorder

The ________ category is used in situations in which the clinician chooses not to specify the reason that the criteria are not met for communication disorder or for a specific neurodevelopmental disorder, and includes presentations in which there is insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis