Chemistry to Ions Gr. 9 Science

Matter is anything that has ____ and ______

mass and volume

Mass is defined as __________

the amount of matter in a substance

Volume is defined as __________

the amount of space a substance or an object occupies

What is the basic unit of matter?

atom

Atoms are made of….

protons, neutrons, and electrons

Neutrons and protons are made of….

quarks

Elements contain….

only one type of atom

Elements can be found in ….

The Periodic Table

Elements can be….

single atoms or molecules

What’s an example of an element?

Oxygen

Compounds contain ….

two or more types of atom (elements)

Compounds can be…

molecules or giant structures

A chemical change is a…

change in matter that occurs when substances combine to form new substances

What is a new substance?

A substance that has different properties from those of the original substance

Most chemical changes are…

irreversible (but not all)

Physical changes are …

reversible

Water boiling is a _____ change

physical

Making toast is a ______ change

chemical

Signs of a chemical reaction:

precipation (solid formed from 2 liquids), bubbles/fizzing, colour change, temperature change, light/heat given off

What are the 4 states of matter?

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Solids have a….

definite shape and volume

Liquids take the shape of its….

container/surroundings

Liquids have a….

definite volume

Liquids form a ____ in its container

surface

The shape and volume of gas is determined by ….

its surroundings

Plasma is an….

ionized gas

______ is an example of plasma

lightning

The ___________ and the _________ combine to form the basis of our understanding of how matter behaves

Particle Model of Matter, Kinetic Molecular Theory

The four main points of the Particle Model of Matter are:

1. All matter is made of very small particles

2. There are spaces between the particles, and the amount of space depends on the state of matter

3. These particles are always moving

4. The particles are attracted to one another. This attraction depends on the type of particle.

Solid —> Liquid

Melting

Liquid —> Solid

Solidification

Liquid —> Gas

Evaporation

Gas —> Liquid

Condensation

Gas —> Plasma

Ionization

Plasma —> Gas

Deionization

Gas —> Solid

Sublimation

Solid —> Gas

Deposition

The atom is made up of _ subatomic particles

3

The symbol for protons is _

p

The symbol for electrons is _

e^-

The symbol for neutrons is _

n

Protons have a charge of _

+1

Neutrons have _____

no charge

Electrons have a charge of _

-1

+ve and -ve charges attract eachother, therefore ____________ attract eachother

protons and electrons

________ are found in the nucleus

Protons and neutrons

______ are found in energy shells

Electrons

________ is a region at the center of the atom

The nucleus

Electrons occupy…..

distinct electron shells/energy levels around the nucleus

The space that electrons take up accounts for ____ of an atom’s volume

99.99%

The mass in matter comes from _____ and ______ in the ______

protons, neutrons, nucleus

Protons have a relative atomic mass of _

1

Neutrons have a relative atomic mass of _

1

Electrons have a relative atomic mass of _

0

The volume of matter comes from ______ in the ________ that surround the nucleus

electrons, energy shells

This atom’s ______ is 6

atomic number

This atom’s ______ is carbon

element name

This atom’s ______ is C

symbol

This atom’s _______ is 12.011

atomic mass

atomic _____ = number of _____ = number of ______

number, protons, electrons

number of neutrons =

atomic mass - atomic number

Isotopes are ______ of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number.

variants

All isotopes of a given element have the same number of _____ in each atom.

protons

Electrons always fill the ____ _____ shell first, then fill the _____ shells.

inner most, outer

The inner shell has the _____ energy level.

lowest

What is the electronic configuration of Carbon?

2,4

What is the electronic structure of Carbon?

6e^-

An ion is…

an atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge, either positive or negative.

_____ don’t have an overall charge.

Atoms

Why do atoms not have an overall charge?

Because they always have an equal number of electrons and protons.

How does an atom become an ion, and become charged?

When they gain or lose electrons

Why do atoms become ions?

So they can obtain full outer shells and stabilize themselves

Are ions and atoms the same thing?

No

When an atom loses an electron, it forms a _____ ion

positive

When an atom gains an electron, it forms a ______  ion

negative

Atoms with few valence electrons find it easier to ____ electrons

lose

Atoms with more valence electrons find it easier to _____ electrons

gain

Metals tend to _____ electrons and form _____ ions

lose, positive

Non-metals (except for noble gases) tend to _______ electrons and form _____ ions

gain, negative

Elements in the same group often form ions with ____ _______ charge

the same

How many valence electrons do noble gases have (group 18)?

8 (except for helium —> 2)

All the elements in the same group have the same number of ______ _____

valence electrons

All the elements in the same period have the same number of _____ _______

energy shells

The number of valence electrons go ____ by ____ as you go from group 1 to the last group of the period

up, 1

groups = ____

columns

periods = ______

rows

The number of shells ____ by ____ as you move down the first _______

increase, 1, period

What does the bolded line that zigzags through the periodic table for?

To separate the metals from the non-metals in a clear way

Atomic number _______ as you go from ____ to _____

increases, left, right