CHEM 1010 Exam Review

Flashcards for Chemistry Exam Review

Molarity (M)

Moles of solute per liter of solution

Dilution

The process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually by adding more solvent.

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases

A theory explaining the behavior of gases based on the movement and collisions of gas particles.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactants in a chemical reaction, assuming complete conversion.

Enthalpy Change

The amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction at constant pressure. A negative value indicates an exothermic reaction, while a positive value indicates an endothermic reaction.

Heat of Fusion

The amount of heat required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point.

Empirical Formula

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

Molecular Formula

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Oxidation Number

A number assigned to an element in a chemical combination that represents the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom of that element in the compound.

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.

Ionic Bonding

A type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Covalent Bonding

A type of chemical bonding that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Diatomic

Consisting of two atoms.

Transition Metal

An element whose atom has a partially filled d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell.

Valence Electrons

The electrons in the outermost shell (energy level) of an atom. These electrons are involved in chemical bonding.

Diamagnetic

A substance that is repelled by a magnetic field due to having all electrons paired.

Isoelectronic

Having the same number of electrons.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion.

Electronegativity

A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.

Formal Charge

The charge an atom would have if all the electrons in a covalent bond were shared equally.