NEW Oceanography MIDTERM FSW

How do scientists estimate the age of rocks

Radiometric age dating with many different elements

Based on the changing seas video we watched and discussed, sea grasses and mangroves provide (1) important habitat as for fishes and other orangims and (2) stabilize sediments

TRUE

The main rock type of oceanic crust is granite and the main rock type of continental crust is basalt

FALSE

Continental shelf sediments are likely to be mostly what type?

Lithigenous

When two lithosphere plates collided what determines which one sinks and which one stays at the surface

Density

Modern Stromatolites are relatively rare but can be found in Australia

True

What type of sediment is abyssal clay?

Lithogenous

What type of sediment is a manganese nodule?

Hydrogenous

Diatomaceous earth has many commercial uses one of which is a mild abrasive used in toothpaste

True

There are two species of mangroves in Florida

False

Biogenous sediments can be macroscopic and microscopic

True

Scientific theories are essentially the same as conspiracy theories

False

Trenches are

As deep as 11000 meters

The deepest parts of the ocean

Mostly in the pacific ocean

Satellites are too far away to make measurements of the ocean surface to make maps of the sea floor.

False

A small portion of the water that makes up the ocean is thought to be from a process called outgassing.

False

Neritic sediments are shallower than pelagic sediments.

True

During the Birth of an Ocean video, we learned that the earliest life forms lived in the ocean because

the ocean moderated the extreme temperature shifts that occurred on land

Transform faults have all of the following characteristics except:

plate movement occurs in the same direction

The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is:

shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain

Examine the five words and phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of them. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

abyssal hill

Examine the five words and phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of them. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

hotspot

Examine the five words and phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of them. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

Ice age

Which of the following is characteristic of divergent plate boundaries?

Mid-ocean ridges

Match the term with the appropriate phrase.

- trench

Subduction zone

Match the term with the appropriate phrase.

- mid-ocean ridge

spreading center

The average depth of the world's oceans is approximately:

4000 meters

The largest of the ocean basins, which currently covers more than half of the ocean surface, is the:

Pacific Ocean

The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the:

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic oceans

Free oxygen was present in the Earth's early atmosphere.

False

When the earth was forming, layers of the earth separated based on density differences.

True

The Earth's crust solidified (the earth formed) around 4.5 billion years ago.

True

Match the term with the appropriate phrase.

4) lithosphere

crust and the uppermost mantle consisting of a solid rock layer

Match the term with the appropriate phrase.

3) granite

primary component of continental crusty

Match the term with the appropriate phrase.

2) basalt

primary component of oceanic crust

Match the term with the appropriate phrase.

1) asthenosphere

plastic, capable of flow, portion of the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere

The Earth essentially has one ocean.

TRUEEEEE!!!!!!!

*Match the term with the appropriate phrase.

- seafloor magnetic stripes

spreading center

*Match the term with the appropriate phrase.

- seafloor spreading

Transform fault

*The Himalayas are an example of a:

Convergent plate boundary (Continental-Continental)

*New sea floor is produced in association with:

oceanic ridges

*Old sea floor is destroyed in association with:

deep sea trenches

*The three major provinces of the ocean floor are continental margins, deep-ocean basins, and abyssal plains.

FALSE

*The average salinity of typical seawater, in parts per thousand, is:

35

What type of sediment is diatomaceous ooze?

biogenous

What type of sediment is halite?

hydrogenous

*Hawaii formed in the middle of the Pacific Ocean because ________.

it is over a hotspot of the mantle

*Seamounts are volcanoes that didn't quite reach the surface of the ocean

TRUE

*Even though they are really deep, hydrothermal vents still rely on photosynthesis.

FALSE

*Transform faults and fracture zones are associated with:

mid ocean ridges

*What type of sediment is tektites?

cosomgenous