Motivation and Emotion unit 6

Emotions and Emotional Theories

what does the James-Lange theory about emotions state? pt 1

in this theory, emotions are said to be the result of physiological changes occuring in the body

what is the sequence for emotional episodes using the James-Lange theory of emotions? 1pt

stimulus → physiological activation → emotion

What are some of the criticisms surrounding the James-Lange theory of emotions? 3pts

some emotional reactions occur faster that the physiological changes occuring in the body

cognitive aspect of emotions is ignored

no variability in the different expressions of emotions because different emotions can cause the same physiological changes

what is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions? 1pt

this theory of emotions state that physiological activation and cognitive arousal are two independent processes that occur simulataneously and results in the emotional experience

what is the sequence for the emotional episode using the Cannon-Bard theory? 1 pt

Stimulus → subcortical activation → physiological activation

at the same time

stimulus → subcortical activation → conscious awareness of emotional experience

What are some criticisms surrounding the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions?

what is the Schacter-Singer two facto theory of emotions? 1 pt

this theory states that physiological arousal is important for the emotional experience but is not sufficient on its own and needs cognitive labelling after

what is the sequence of an emotional episode using the Schacter-Singer theory of emotions? 1 pt

stimulus → physiological activation → cognitive labelling → emotion

what are some criticisms surrounding the Schacter-Singer theory of emotions?

what does the basic emotions approach state? 1 pt

this theory states that emotions are innate and universal across all humans and cultures and each emotional episode arises from similar causes and the same emotion produces a consistent pattern of behavioural, physiological, and facial expressions

what is the emotional sequence following the basic emotions approach: Tomkins theory? 1 pt

cortical activation → subcortical activation → facial expression → proprioceptive feedback → feeling

What are the ten basic emotions by Izard? 10 pts

joy

fear

disgust

contempt

surpise

interest

rage

guilt

shame

sadness

what are some criticisms surrounding the basic emotions approach? 1 pt

does not fully explain the variety of emotional responses

the link between emotional experiences and facial expressions is more advanced than the theory proposes

social norms impact facial behaviour and its interpretation meaning context and observers influence expressive patterns and so different emotions can present differently

what does the appraisal approach of emotions state? 1pt

emotions arise from the interpretation of our circumstances, real or imagined and understanding how one evaluates situations allows us to predict the resulting emotions

what is the emotional sequence following the appraisal approach? 1 pt

stimulus → evaluation (good or bad) → emotional tendency

what are the two stress-managing strategies proposed by the appraisal approach? 2 pts

emotion-focused coping stragies aimed at managing emotions rather than changing the problematic situation

problem-focused coping strategies aimed at changing the problematic situation

what are some of the criticisms surrounding the appraisal approach? 4 pts

patterns of apraisal may overlap for multiple emotions

ignores the contribution of biological processes on the emotional experience

emotional process may be too slow

focuses solely on the mental processes that the individual consciously and deliberately experiences

what does the theory of contructed emotions state?

emotions arise from the use of our past experiences when faced with stimuli to help us make predictions about what will happen and prepare the body to react

emotions are not provoked, but are instead created and these constructions depend on context and prior knowledge