Studied by 34 peoplelogos
appeal to logic
pathos
appeal to emotion
ethos
appeal to ethics
exigence
why a text exists/why it was created
allusion
a brief, usually indirect reference to a person, place, or event--real or fictional. Biblical and classical (mythological) are the most common types These usually tap into a reader's body of previous knowledge.
"That's my cross to bear."
anaphora
the repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses.
"In our homes, we expect safety. In our homes, we expect comfort."
antithesis
a counter-proposition and denotes a direct contrast to the original proposition. In setting the opposite, an individual brings out a contrast in the meaning by an obvious contrast in the expression.
"That's one small thing for man, one giant leap for mankind."
anadiplosis
the repetition of the final word or phrase at the start of the following word or phrase.
"When I give, I give myself"
anastrophe
the intentional miswording or ungrammatical writing of a sentence
"Into the water dove the boy"
chiasmus
"reverse parallelism" - the second part of a grammatical construction is balanced or paralleled with the first.
AB-BA
concession
an argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point.
"My opponent has some good points. He has years of experience with the economy and his ideas carry much weight. However, if we never change..."
doublespeak
the intentional misleading of a person through disguised or manipulated language.
"Seeking economic growth in more opportune locations." vs. we're closing the factory in your town.
epiphora
the repetition of a word or phrase at the end of several clauses "I scream, you scream, we all scream!"
euphemism
the substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit.
"He passed away." vs. "He died."
fallacy
an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid.
hyperbole
an extreme exaggeration
isocolon
a succession of phrases of approximately equal length and corresponding structure
"I came, I saw, I conquered."
litotes
a figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.
"Is he cute?" "Well, he isn't ugly."
refutations
the part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view.
syllogism
in logic, a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion
A=B, B=C, A=C
syntax
sentence structure
understatement
expression with less strength than would be expected.
"We have a small problem. I got fired."
Note
Flashcard