Ch.13 Bandura

What was Bandura’s theory?

modeling theory 

Observational learning

Learning by observing other people’s behavior

Vicarious reinforcement

Observing the behavior of others, and the consequences

of that behavior

Modeling

bobo doll

Other modeling studies

• Children’s behavior reflect their parents’ behavior

• Verbal modeling can induce behaviors

Disinhibition

• Weakening of inhibitions by observing the behavior of a model

• Society's models affect good, bad, abnormal, and normal behavior

Aggressive Behavior, Modeling, and the Media

Exposure to aggressive models makes you more aggressive in the future

Became desensitized after watching a scary movie

Observational Learning Processes - Attention

Learning begins with noticing the model’s behavior.

Observational Learning Processes - Retention Processes

• The learner must encode and store what they observed.

Observational Learning Processes - Production Processes

memory to action

Observational Learning Processes - Incentive & Motivational Processes

performed only when motivated, even if behavior is learned. anticipation of reinforcement, but reinforcement not always necessary

Self

Set of cognitive processes and structure concerned with thought and perception

Self-Reinforcement

rewards or punishments to oneself based on personal standards

Self-Efficacy

• Feeling of adequacy, efficiency, and competence in coping with life

Performance attainment

Prior achievements or failures

Vicarious experiences

Seeing others’ successful performance or failures

Verbal persuasion

Reminding people of their abilities

Physiological and emotional arousal

Being calm and composed can lead to higher self-efficacy

Developmental Stages of Self-Efficacy - Childhood

• Infants try to exercise greater influence over their physical and social environments

• Parental influence diminishes over time

Developmental Stages of Self-Efficacy - Adolescence

• Success depends on the level of self-efficacy formed in early years

• Involves coping with new demands due to transitions

Developmental Stages of Self-Efficacy - Adulthood

• Young adulthood period involves adjusting to new experiences

• During the middle years people reevaluate their careers, and family and social lives

Developmental Stages of Self-Efficacy - Old Age

• Reassessments are difficult

• Low self-efficacy affects physical and mental functioning

Behavior Modification - Goal

To modify learned behaviors considered undesirable by society

Behavior Modification - Forms of behavior therapy

• Modeling

• Guided participation

• Covert modeling: imagination

Advantages of Modeling Therapy

• Complex behaviors are seen wholly

• Saves time and money

• Can be used with groups

Assessment in Bandura’s Theory

• Focused on cognitive variables and overt behavior

• Techniques

• Direct observation

• Self-report inventories

• Physiological measurements

Reflections on Bandura’s Theory - Criticisms

• Focuses on overt behavior and ignores human aspect of personality

• Treats only the symptom and not the cause