Theories of Personality Lecture Notes

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes related to theories of personality, focusing on key concepts and definitions.

Behaviorism

A psychological perspective that focuses on observable behavior rather than introspective methods.

Drive

A motivational state associated with wanting something.

Cue

A stimulus that signals the need to notice something in the environment.

Response

The action or behavior taken in reaction to a cue.

Reward

A positive outcome that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Frustration

A psychological state that occurs when obstacles interfere with drive reduction.

Aggression

Behavior intended to injure the person toward whom it is directed.

Learning by Imitation

Acquisition of behavior by observing the actions of others.

Learning Dilemma

A scenario where existing responses do not lead to rewards.

Conflict

A situation presenting cues for two incompatible responses.

Operant Conditioning

A learning method where the frequency of behavior is modified by its consequences.

Reinforcement

A process that increases the likelihood of a behavior by providing positive outcomes.

Punishment

A stimulus that decreases the rate of responding by following behavior with negative consequences.

Extinction

The reduction in the frequency of a response when reinforcement is no longer provided.

Chaining

A behavioral technique where one response produces conditions for another response.

Shaping

A method of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the desired behavior.

Schedules of Reinforcement

Specific patterns that determine when a behavior will be reinforced.

Psychological Behaviorism

A behavioral theory that combines traditional personality concerns with behavior.

Basic Behavioral Repertoires

The fundamental categories of behavior that include emotional, cognitive, and sensory-motor skills.

Language Neurosis

Maladaptive learning resulting in ineffective responses to deal with drives.

Suppression

Willful control of thoughts, intentionally excluding certain thoughts from consciousness.

A-R-D Theory

A framework that includes A (affects and attitudes), R (reinforcements), and D (direct behavior) in understanding personality.