Anatomy Midterm

Anatomy

Study of structure and form of body parts.

Physiology

Study of functions and processes of body parts.

Gross Anatomy

Structures visible to the naked eye (e.g., organs).

Microscopic Anatomy

Structures seen under a microscope (e.g., cells, tissues).

Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

Stimulus

Detectable change.

Receptor

Detects the change.

Control Center

Processes input and determines response.

Effector

Executes the response.

Negative Feedback

Reverses the stimulus (e.g., thermoregulation, blood sugar regulation).

Positive Feedback

Amplifies the stimulus (e.g., blood clotting, childbirth).

Imbalance

Can lead to diseases (e.g., diabetes, dehydration).

Epithelial Tissue

Covers surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands.

Connective Tissue

Supports, binds, and protects.

Muscle Tissue

Produces movement.

Nervous Tissue

Transmits signals.

Fibrosis

Scar tissue formation.

Regeneration

Replacement of damaged cells.

Epidermis

Avascular layer of skin.

Dermis

Layer of skin containing papillary and reticular layers.

Ossification

Bone formation.

Fracture Healing

Hematoma → Fibrocartilage → Bony callus → Remodeling.

Muscle Contraction

Requires ATP and calcium.

Muscle Fatigue

Cause: Lack of ATP, ion imbalances.