PE Exam - Semester 2

What are Performance-Enhancing Drugs (PEDs)?

Substances used to improve athletic performance, often banned due to health risks and unfair advantage.

Name two risks of using PEDs.

Cardiovascular issues and liver damage.

Why do athletes use PEDs?

To improve performance, recover faster, and cope with pressure.

Why are PEDs banned? 

They give an unfair advantage, are dangerous to health, and violate sports ethics.

How do PEDs affect fairness in sport? - END OF 1

They damage the integrity of sport and disadvantage clean athletes.

Name two functions of the skeletal system.

Protects organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals.

Name two functions of the muscular system.

Helps movement, maintains posture, and produces heat.

Give an example of a ball and socket joint.

Shoulder or hip.

Give an example of a hinge joint.

Elbow, knee, or ankle.

What type of joint is the neck?

Pivot joint, allows movement around an axis.

What type of joint is the skull?

Fixed joint, bones tightly connected by fibrous tissue.

What do tendons connect?

Muscle to bone.

What do ligaments connect? - END OF 2

Bone to bone.

What does WADA stand for?

World Anti-Doping Agency.

What does WADA do?

Oversees drug testing, bans substances, and promotes clean sport.

What drug did Lance Armstrong use?

Erythropoietin (EPO).

What does EPO do for athletes?

Increases red blood cells for more oxygen and better endurance.

What is mental rehearsal in sport?

Visualizing movements or plans before performing.

What is positive self-talk?

Encouraging yourself to build confidence and focus.

Name two arousal reduction techniques.

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and deep breathing.

What is imagery in sport?

Using all of your senses (see, feel, hear, taste, smell) to rehearse your sport in your mind.

What does the Inverted-U Theory show? - END OF 3

Performance is best at moderate arousal; too low or high gives poor results.

When should you eat a pre-competition meal?

3-4 hours before the event.

Name the three macronutrients.

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats.

Give an example of a micronutrient.

Vitamin C, iron, or calcium.

Why is hydration important in sport?

Maintains focus, prevents fatigue/cramps, regulates temperature.

What is an acute injury?

A sudden injury like a sprain or fracture.

What is a chronic injury?

An injury that develops over time, like tendonitis.

What does R.I.C.E.R stand for in injury management?

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Referral.