Advanced Database Systems – Lecture 1 Review

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering fundamental terms, SQL clauses, operators, and functions from the Advanced Database Systems lecture.

A __ is a collection of structured data organized for easy access, management, and updating.

database

Software that lets users create, read, update, and delete data in a database is called a __.

Database Management System (DBMS)

A relational database organizes data into and .

rows, columns (tables)

Rows in a relational table are also called __.

records

The intersection of a row and a column that holds the actual value is called a __.

field

In an ERD, an entity’s characteristics become __ when translated to a physical table.

columns (attributes)

Every column must have a unique __ within its table.

name

The column property that specifies what kind of data can be stored is the __.

data type

A column defined as __ must always have a value and cannot be NULL.

NOT NULL

The __ constraint ensures all values in a column are different.

UNIQUE

A __ key uniquely identifies each row in a table.

primary

A __ key links a column to the primary key of another table.

foreign

The auto-generated unique number used typically on a primary key column is provided by the __ attribute.

AUTO-INCREMENT

A __ value represents the absence or unknown state of data.

NULL

An empty string ('') indicates a value is present but contains __ characters.

no

Selecting specific columns from a table without filtering rows is called __.

projection

Retrieving rows that satisfy a condition is the __ operation.

selection

Combining rows from two tables based on common columns is known as __.

joining

DDL stands for __.

Data Definition Language

Retrieving data with SELECT belongs to the __ category of SQL.

DQL (Data Query Language)

In SELECT syntax, the * symbol returns __ columns.

all

The clause that filters records based on a condition before grouping is __.

WHERE

The __ clause arranges identical data into groups.

GROUP BY

The aggregate function that returns the total of a numeric column is __().

SUM

The __ clause filters groups after aggregation.

HAVING

By default, ORDER BY sorts data in __ order.

ascending

The LIMIT clause restricts the __ of rows returned.

number

Temporary names assigned to columns or tables in a query are called __.

aliases

The SQL operator that requires all conditions to be true is __.

AND

In the LIKE pattern, % represents __ or more characters.

zero

The IN operator provides a shorthand for multiple __ conditions.

OR

The NOT operator reverses the __ result of a condition.

Boolean (logical)

The IS NULL operator checks whether a column __ a value.

contains no (is NULL)

The BETWEEN operator is inclusive of the and values.

start, end

EXCEPT returns rows that appear in the first result set but not in the __.

second

UNION by default eliminates __ rows.

duplicate

The __() function combines two or more strings into one.

CONCAT

ABS() returns the __ value of a number.

absolute

CURDATE() returns the current __.

date

DATEFORMAT() formats a date according to a specified ___.

pattern (format code)

A __ is a query placed inside another query and executed first.

subquery (inner query)

A subquery that references columns from the outer query is called a __ subquery.

correlated

The EXISTS operator tests for the __ of at least one row returned by a subquery.

existence

DATEDIFF() returns the number of __ between two dates.

days