Hermeneutics terms - Grammar and Syntax

adjective

a part of speech that may 1. modify a noun by giving it a trait (attributive) 2. predicate something about a subject, usually a noun 3. take the place of a noun   

adverb

a part of speech that may 1. modify a verb 2. explain manner, time, or place 3. become a catch all for words that are structural

clause

a complete statement that predicates something about a subject; it can be independent or dependent; the basic structural unit of a book

grammar

the study of a language's structure and system, including syntax, morphology, phonology, and semantics

interjection

a part of speech that is an exclamation, aside, or interruption into the text

intransitive verb

a verb that does not require a direct object

linking verb

a verb that tells what the subject is rather than what it is doing; it requires a predicate adjective to modify or describe the subject or a predicate nominative that names the subject; many English verb tenses use linking verbs

nominal clause

a clause that defines who a subject is; in English it requires a linking verb and usually a predicate adjective to modify or describe the subject or a predicate nominative to name it

noun

a part of speech that names a person, place, thing, or idea

object complement

a part of some classes that modifies or describes it's object with an adjective or names the object with a noun

particles

a part of speech that provides structure to its clauses, phrases, and words and a catch-all for words not easily labeled

phrase

a groups of words performing a single function in a clause

predicate

declares what the subject is or does in a clause; predicate verbs declare what happened; predicate nominatives name the subject; predicate adjectives modify or describe the subject

predicate adjective

an adjective that predicate a subject by modifying or describing it

predicate nominative

a noun (or an adjective acting as a noun) that predicates a subject by naming it

subject

a noun or adjective that is the identity of a clause, indicating who or what acts in the clause or the topic of the clause

syntax

the set of rules that define how clauses function and relate to other clauses

the deep structure of a text

the grammatical organization and re-representation of that actual words of a text in grammatical and syntactical categories rather than the specific words provided in the canonical form

the surface structure of a text

the actual words in the biblical text laid out in their canonical order (it's outwards form), word by word, phrase by phrase, and clause by clause

transitive verb

a verb that requires a direct object

translation

writing the meaning of a biblical word, phrase, clause or book in another language

transliteration

writing a biblical word or phrase from the original (source) language with the alphabet of another (target) language

verb

a part of speech that expresses action (regular verbs) or state of being (linking verbs)

verbal clause

in English, a clause that provides a regular verb and emphasizes an action by the subject

verbal tense

in English, a verbal tense provides a verbal form that communicates distinction of time or duration and/or the nature of the action