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16 Terms
1
Quality Management
The process of overseeing all activities and tasks needed to maintain a desired level of excellence in products and services.
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2
Quality of Design
Determined during the product/service design phase, focusing on performance, features, reliability, and aesthetics.
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3
Quality of Conformance
Ensures that the product/service meets design specifications, determined by the production process and consistency in manufacturing.
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4
Prevention Costs
Proactive costs incurred to prevent defects before they occur, such as preventive maintenance and employee training.
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5
Appraisal Costs
Detective costs related to detecting defects through inspections and testing, including raw material inspections and final product checks.
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6
Internal Failure Costs
Reactive costs incurred when defects are found before delivery, including rework, scrap, and downtime.
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7
External Failure Costs
Reactive costs incurred when defects are discovered after delivery, including warranty claims and customer dissatisfaction.
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8
Total Quality Management (TQM)
A comprehensive approach focusing on continuous quality improvement with principles of customer focus, employee involvement, and continuous improvement.
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9
Six Sigma
A data-driven methodology aimed at reducing defects and process variation, striving for no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities.
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10
DMAIC Framework
A structured problem-solving approach in Six Sigma consisting of Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control.
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11
Control Charts
A tool used to monitor process variation over time, helping to detect unusual fluctuations in quality.
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12
Pareto Chart
A tool that identifies the most significant causes of defects, based on the 80/20 rule: 80% of problems come from 20% of the causes.
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13
Cause-and-Effect Diagram (Fishbone Diagram)
A visual tool that categorizes potential sources of defects to identify root causes.
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14
Root Cause Analysis
A systematic approach to finding the underlying cause of defects, often using techniques like the 5 Whys.
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15
Six Sigma Quality Standards
Theoretical goal of no more than 2 defects per billion opportunities; practical goal is 3.4 defects per million opportunities.
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16
Continuous Improvement (Kaizen)
A philosophy that focuses on ongoing small improvements rather than large overhauls, aimed at identifying waste and inefficiencies.
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