prof soc final exam

Purpose of the code of ethics

guide nurses in ethical decision-making and practice, ensuring the highest standards of care

Steps in making ethical decision-making

• Identify and clarify the ethical problem

• gather factual data

• identify and evaluate options

• make a decision

• act and assess

What was the outcome of the Tuskegee study?

increases in medical mistrust and mortality among African-American men; syphilis

Ethical dilemmas in health care

When guiding moral principles cannot determine if the course of action is right or wrong

What are the principles of ethical behavior?

autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice

HIPPA

A federal law that protects patients health information

What actions by a nurse constitutes a crime

assault, neglect, involuntary manslaughter

Define standards of care

The degree of care, expertise, and judgment exercised by a reasonable person under the same or similar circumstances.

Delegation

Responsibility of delegator and the person asked to do the task

Negligence

An unintentional conduct that falls below a standard of care established for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm.

Fraud

Act of deception or misrepresentation that results in an unfair benefit for the deceiver

Malpractice

Improper, illegal, or negligent professional activity or treatment, especially by a medical practitioner lawyer, or public official.

Autonomy

a nurse's ability to make independent clinical decisions within their scope of practice, based on their knowledge and training

Accountability

Involves the right of self determination or choice independence and freedom

Veracity

Telling the truth or not immediately deceiving or misleading clients

Assault

Attempting to or threatening to touch a person without consent

Slander

a false oral statement that damages a person's reputation

Libel

defamatory written statement, such as a social media post, email, or hospital bulletin, that damages the reputation of another person

Purpose of operation consent- especially with children

What are examples of torts

assault, battery, negligence

What is the Good Samaritan law

Laws enacted by a state that protect healthcare providers and other rescuers from liability if they render aid in an emergency. The Healthcare provider must use reasonable judgment based on education, training, and skill level.

What is a nurses responsibility regarding child abuse

They are obligated to report abuse

What actions should nurses take if questioning a doctor’s order?

clarify the order with the physician

What is the purpose of documentation?

Helps with continuity of care and communication

Where is euthanasia legal in the US?

cali, oregon, vermont, hawaii, etc

What is the purpose of the nurse practice act?

Identifies the legal limits for the practice of nursing within a given state as well as identifies what the requirements are for licensure.

Whats the aim of DRG?’

standardize hospital reimbursement and improve efficiency, classify patients into groups based on similar diagnoses and treatments, and then use this classification

Who are the payers of hospital charges?

Health insurance company’s and the government

What age group has the greatest burden on healthcare?

Ages 65 and older

Annual limit

maximum amount of money or coverage that can be claimed or spent within a single year

Deductible

Amount of money you have to pay before insurance kicks in

What is the role of a lobbyist?

to influence government policies, decisions, and actions on behalf of a specific individual, organization, or industry

What is the aim for ACH act?

to address the unmet health and social needs of the individuals and communities they serve

Professional care models of nursing

frameworks that guide how nurses practice, collaborate, and develop to deliver high-quality care

Patient centered care

Providing care that is respectful and responsive to individual patient preferred needs

IOM

Institute of medicine; provides expert advice and conducts research on health and healthcare

Whats the first step in research?

Plan or proposal

Importance of evidence based practice

existing research findings with clinical expertise

Purpose of IRB

to protect the rights, safety, and well-being of human research participants

Define nursing theory

framework of concepts and ideas that provides a structured way to understand and explain nursing practice

Quantitative research

a systematic investigation of phenomena where data is collected and analyzed using numerical or statistical methods

Qualitative research

a method of inquiry that focuses on understanding of human behavior

What is the purpose of the national institute of nursing research?

advance nursing science and knowledge to improve health and reduce health disparities

What strategies control health care costs?

• Increasing availability of mid-level providers

• changing fee structures

• controlling fraud and abuse

• cost containment measures

• preferred providers contracts

• managed care gatekeeper

• case management

• using acuity measures to determine costs

How does informatics equal patient safety?

Safe quality care, Information caring and coordination of care, more interactive learning, student use, research

What are the Molloy humanistic frameworks

Valuing

environment

nursing

humanity

health

What organization is focused on quality nursing education?

national leauge of nursing

What is the primary purpose of research?

is to advance nursing practice and improve patient outcomes

what is NSNA?

National student nurses association

What does NSNA do?

Organization in the U.S for nursing students to prepare them for the profession

Performance based learning

demonstrating skills and knowledge through practical application, often in simulated or real-world scenarios

Life long learning steps

acquiring new certifications, attending conferences, participating in professional organizations, and engaging in self-directed learning

Essential features of a caring culture

• empathy

• offering of self

• respect

Global health concerns

infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, mental health

What are the five A’s of evidence based practice?

• Ask

• Aquire

• Appraise

• Apply

• Assess

Culture of safety

A culture of safety is the extent to which an organization's culture supports and promotes patient and staff safety

Factors related to majority of cases identified in The Joint Commission's Sentinel Event Database

patient falling

Research process

• plan or proposal 

• research problem statement 

• hypothesis 

• research design 

• research analysis 

Ask

Defining and clarifying the clinical question

Aquire

Look for best evidence to find the answer 

Appraise

Determine whether or not they are good studies

Apply

Use evidence along with the patients values and the practice

Assess

Decide whether or not it worked for you

Patient self determination act

Patient rights

Why do we need a positive image of nursng?

To build and gain trust with patients

Why do we have a code of ethics?

guide nurses in ethical decision-making and practice, ensuring the highest standards of care

Health care proxy

A legal document where you designate someone you trust to make medical decisions for you

Advanced directive

Verbal or written instructions made by you; communicate that your wishes about your treatment followed before an illness or injury

What is personal morality?

an individual's internal system of beliefs and values that guide their understanding of right and wrong

Do nurses have to carry out every order thats written?

Do nurses have autonomy to perform interventions?

yes

How do we control cost in health care?

Mid-level providers

Joint comission

Evaluate and accredit healthcare organizations across the US, set standards for quality and patient safety (by assessing their practices and performance)

Sentinel events

a serious, unexpected occurrence in healthcare that results in; death, severe injury

Medicare

a federal health insurance program in the United States that provides coverage for eligible individuals, primarily those who are 65 years of age or older

Medicaid

Federal and state programs that provides health for low income individuals

Co-payment

 The amount of money that a patient with health insurance pays for each health care service

PPO

Preferred Provider Organization is a type of health plan that contracts with medical providers such as hospitals and doctors to create a network of participating providers. YOU PAY LESS IF YOU USE PROVIDERS THAT BELONG TO THE PLANS NETWORK.

EPO

Exclusive Provider Organization plan requires you to use doctors and hospitals within the EPO network but you cannot go outside the network for care. no out of network benefits

Who created student bill of rights?

National student nurses association

Justice

Refers to the quality of being fair

Beneficence

Come’s from the word beneficent; which means doing or producing good, especially performing acts of kindness and charity

Who is the single largest payer of health insurance and charges in the US

medic aid and medicare center CMS?

What do you do if you’re given an order you’re not comfortable with?

Clarify with someone more experienced

Why are the nursing care models important?

they provide frameworks for organizing and delivering patient care, ensuring consistent and effective nursing interventions

HMO

Health Maintenance Organization is a type of health insurance that usually limits coverage to care from doctors who work for or contract with the HMO.