Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders Flashcards

Flashcards on diabetes, endocrine disorders, and related conditions, covering symptoms, treatments, and nursing interventions.

A client is ordered 1g of metformin PO twice daily for type 2 diabetes. The medication available is metformin 500 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose?

2

A client is prescribed 75 mg of diphenhydramine PO every 6 hours as needed for allergies. The medication available is diphenhydramine 25 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose?

3

A client with type 1 diabetes is planning to participate in a marathon. The nurse is providing education on managing diabetes during the event. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Carry fast acting carbohydrate sources in case of hypoglycemia.

A client with type 2 diabetes has been experiencing the dawn phenomenon, characterized by high fasting blood 7glucose levels in the morning. Which action should the nurse take to address this concern?

Request a higher dose of evening long-acting insulin from the healthcare provider.

The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes can best be described as:

destruction of the pancreatic islet cells, which produce insulin.

A client with type 2 diabetes is experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss. The blood glucose level on admission was over 600 mg/dl. Which action should the nurse prioritize in the current plan of care?

Assess the client for potential hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS).

A 6-year-old boy with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes has a blood glucose level of 413 mg/dl and ketones in his urine. The nurse is educating the family about the disease. Which statement by the family indicate for further teaching?

"If he eats sweets, he can just take extra insulin to balance it out."

A client with a recent diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus is being counseled on dietary changes. Which recommendation is most appropriate for the nurse to provide?

Focus on a diet rich in complex carbohydrates and fiber

What is the reason for excessive thyroid gland stimulation in Graves disease?

Antibodies binding to gland receptors, | Suppression of TSH release from the pituitary.

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results of a client with type 1 diabetes. The client's glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) 13 level is 9% (Reference range: < 7%) What is the nurses best course of action?

Schedule the client for a diabetes education refresher course.

Cortisol elevations are needed in the early stress response but persistent hypercortisolism is problematic because it induces:

protein anabolism. | glucose intolerance.

A client with Cushing's disease has elevated cortisol levels. What does the nurse suspect is the cause of elevated cortisol for this client?

Pituitary adenoma producing excess ACTH

The nurse reviews lab results of a client with a suspected thyroid disorder. The lab results show elevated TSH and low T4 levels. Which condition does this client most likely have?

Hypothyroidism

A client with Graves disease has tachycardia, heat intolerance, and exophthalmos during the nurse's assessment. What is the underlying pathophysiology causing these symptoms?

Autoimmune stimulation of the thyroid gland leading to excess thyroid hormone

A client with Addison disease is admitted for hypotension and hyponatremia. What are the nurse's best actions to provide immediate treatment? Select all that apply.

Start IV hydration with a hypotonic solution, Administer intravenous hydrocortisone

The nurse is caring for a client with lung cancer and is concerned the client may have developed syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which clinical manifestations should the nurse report to the health care provider related to this condition? Select all that apply.

Decreased urine output, Hyponatremia, New onset confusion

A client who reports difficulty achieving an erection is found to have reduced testosterone levels during lab testing. What does the nurse recognize is the most likely underlying cause of his erectile dysfunction?

Hormonal abnormalities

A 55-year-old client reports frequent hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings to the nurse. Which reproductive stage does the nurse suspect the client is experiencing and what client education should the nurse provide?

Perimenopause; use relaxation techniques

A client with a history of testicular cancer is being evaluated for potential metastasis. Which site does the nurse identify as the most common site for distant spread of testicular cancer?

Lungs

A client diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) asks the nurse why their symptoms occur. What is the best explanation for the nurse to provide?

"An enlarged prostate presses against the urethra, making it difficult for urine to pass."

A client with a family history of BRCA1 mutation is concerned about their risk of developing ovarian cancer. What treatment option does the nurse recognize may potentially reduce this client's risk?

Regular use of ovulation suppression methods such as oral contraceptives

A client undergoing treatment for prostate cancer reports significant bone pain to the nurse. What does this symptom most likely indicate about this client's stage of cancer?

The cancer has metastasized to the bone.

A 52-year-old female client reports to the nurse, "My menstrual cycles have become irregular over the past year” Which of these conditions is the most likely explanation for these symptoms?

Perimenopause

The nurse in an obstetrics clinic is evaluating a client with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Which complication related to reproductive function is the client most at risk of experiencing?

Ectopic pregnancy

A client with a confirmed BRCA2 mutation reports concerns about ovarian cancer to the nurse and asks which signs and symptoms might indicate cancer. What should the nurse teach the client about clinical manifestations of ovarian cancer? Select all that apply

Some clients report abdominal bloating, Many clients do not report symptoms, Pain and pressure may occur with large tumors.

A client is diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (ED). Which underlying conditions does the nurse recognize are commonly associated with ED? Select all that apply

Diabetes mellitus | Hypertension | Atherosclerosis | coronary artery disease

A client with urinary incontinence reports that they experience urine leakage when coughing, sneezing, or laughing. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms are

Stress incontinence

A client with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension is admitted with reports of severe, intermittent flank pain radiating to the groin. The nurse suspects renal calculi. Which diagnostic test would the nurse expect to be ordered to confirm the presence of kidney stones?

Renal ultrasonography

Steatorrhea is most commonly associated with:

encopresis | malabsorption syndromes

A client with diverticular disease is experiencing acute abdominal pain and has a fever when vital signs are assessed. Which quadrant of the abdomen would the nurse expect to be most painful when assessing the client?

Left lower quadrant

A client with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) rеports flank pain. The nurse notices the blood pressure is elevated whenever vital signs are checked. Which mechanism best explains why this client has hypertension?

Compression of renal vessels leading to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

A client with urinary incontinence is diagnosed with stress incontinence. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care to manage this condition?

Teach the client to perform Kegel exercises

A client is being discharged from the hospital after treatment for urolithiasis. Which dietary modification should the nurse recommend to reduce the risk of future renal calculi formation?

Increase intake of low-oxalated fruits and vegetables

Partial obstructions with manifestations of hard, solidly formed stool are most likely located in which colon segment?

sigmoid colon

A client with a known history of diverticular disease presents with left lower quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis. Which complication of this disease does the nurse suspect may be occurring?

Diverticulitis

A client is diagnosed with kidney disease. How would this impact their hormone levels?

They would have much higher levels of circulating hormones.

Which laboratory indicator is found in arginine vasopressin deficiency (diabetes insipidus)?

urine specific gravity less than 1.005

The nurse cares for a client with a long history of hypothyroidism. The client is presenting with boggy. nonpitting edema around the eyes, The nurse is aware this condition is referred to as:

myxedema.

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) at an obstetrics clinic, Which lab test should the nurse recommend this client receive to screen conditions commonly associated with PCOS?

Glucose tolerance test

A healthcare provider is assessing a client with suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which symptom does Painful ejaculation the nurse expect the client to report?

Urinary hesitancy

The nurse is caring for a 35-year-old male who reports he is Heaviness in the scrotum concerned he may have testicular cancer. Which common clinical manifestation would the nurse expect the client to report with this diagnosis?

Heaviness in the scrotum

A nurse is caring for a client with suspected Cushing syndrome. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to find during the assessment?

Fragile skin and thinning hair

The nurse cares for a client in the primary medical clinic. The client is reporting urinary frequency and urgency. How can the nurse differentiate between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer?

Biopsy results

What does obstruction in the renal tubules lead to?

Dilation of structures proximal to the obstruction

In comparing dietary strategies suggested for prevention of both diverticulitis and renal calculi, which to both which one is common to both conditions?

Avoidance of nuts and strawberries