Studied by 5 people
13th Amendment
abolish slavery
14th Amendment
Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
15th Amendment
right to vote no matter race or color
16th Amendment
Allows the federal government to collect income tax
17th Amendment
Direct election of senators
18th Amendment
Prohibition
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote
21st Amendment
ended prohibition
Reconstruction
rebuilding of the South after the Civil War
carpet baggers
Northerners who went South for personal power and profit
Scalawags
Southern whites who supported Republican policy through reconstruction
KKK (Ku Klux Klan)
organization that promotes hatred and discrimination against specific ethnic and religious groups
Black Codes
Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War
Freedmen's Bureau
government agency founded during Reconstruction to help former slaves
Gilded Age
Late 1800s to Early 1900s - time of large increase in wealth caused by industrialization
Robber Barons
People who'd built fortunes by swindling investors and taxpayers, and bribing officials
Captians of Industry
philantropists
Cornelius Vanderbilt
A railroad owner .
Andrew Carnegie
Built a steel mill empire; US STEEL
John D. Rockefeller
Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
J.P. Morgan
Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel.
Horizontal Integration
Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller
Vertical Integration
Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution
Haymarket Riot
1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
a factory fire that killed 146 workers trapped in the building; led to new safety standard laws
political machine
a party organization that recruits members by dispensing patronage
Ellis Island
an immigration port on the east coast
Angel Island
immigration port on the west coast
Salad Bowl
different cultures living among another
Melting Pot
the mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples
Chinese Exclusion Act
1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers
Gentelmens Agreement
Agreement that limited Japanese emigration to U.S.
Nativism
belief that Native Born Americans were superior to immigrants
Laissez-faire
Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy.
Tenements
Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived
Capitalism
citizens, not governments, own and run companies
Socialism
economic and political system where the workers or the government own the buildings and tools that make goods and services like farms and factories
Samuel Gompers
president of the American Federation of Labor
Pendleton Act
that Tfederal government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and that government employees be selected through competitive exams.
Muckraker
a person who exposed the problems of the Gilded Age
Ida Tarbell
attacked Rockefeller’s oil industry by writing about the corruption and bad business practices of the monopoly
Thomas Nast
attacked Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall by using political cartoons to expose the corruption
Jacob A. Riis
expose the problems with urbanization and poor living conditions in the city
Jane Addams
person helped house the poor and needy immigrants in Settlement Houses and helped them find employment
Booker T. Washington
Equal rights through economics
Secretly fought against voter discrimination and segregation
Prefered by White Americans as the key to racial peace
Importance of Vocational Education
W.E.B DuBois
Desired complete equality
Advocated for liberal arts education over vocational
Believed in publicly attacking discrimination through protests, lawsuits, editorials
DeJure Segregation
Segregation written into law
DeFacto Segregation
Segregation based on how cultural differences
Plessy vs Ferguson
Court case held that state-mandated segregation laws did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
NAACP founders
W.E.B DuBois and Ida B Wells
Poll Tax
barrier to voting to prevent African Americans and the poor from voting
Jim Crow Laws
a set of laws in the South established after Reconstruction ended to keep segregation in place
Teddy Roosevelt
he became a "trust buster"; he used the Sherman Antitrust Act to dissolve trusts that restrained interstate and foreign trade
Howard Taft
angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff (increased tax rates)
Woodrow Wilson
created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission
Child labor laws, 8 hour work days
African-Americans civil rights weren’t a priority
Saw woman’s suffrage movement as a distraction to the war effort
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Four Motivations for US Imperialism
Global Competiton
Military Strength
The desire for new Markets
Cultural Superiority
Social Darwinism
the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better.
three causes of the Spanish American War
Yellow journalism
To protect U.S. business interests in Cuba.
The Mysterious sinking of the USS Maine
Buffalo soldiers
an all Black regiment in the Spanish American War
Emilio Anguinaldo
Filippino rebel leader that fought against Spanish rule and later U.S. rule.
Yellow Journalism
Style of newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism over facts
Valeriano Weyler
Governor-General of the Philippines
Jose Marti
set up concentration camps in cuba
Teller Amendment
amendment to this declaration which declared that when the United States had overthrown Spanish rule of Cuba it would give the Cubans their freedom
Platt Amendment
reaty between the U.S. and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba's independence from foreign intervention
MAIN causes of WWI
Militarism
Alliance
Imperialism
Nationalism
War Industries Board
helped the U.S. prepare for World War I by increasing industrial production and coordinating the purchase of war materials by the Army and the Navy
The Committee on Public Information
roduced war propaganda meant to build support for World War I and demonize the German military.
“spark” of WWI
Assassination of Franz Duke Ferdinand.
four reasons the United States enters WWI
Zimmerman Tellegram
Sinking of the Luisatania
German invasion of Belgium
Reintroduction of unrestricted submarine warfare
Central Powers
germany,austria-hungary, bulgaria and the ottoman empire
Allied Powers
france, great britain, russia , italy, romania, canada, japan, and the united states.
Selective Service Act
authorized the United States federal government to raise a national army for service in World War I through conscription.
Espionage and Sedition Act
to block the mailing of any letter, pamphlet or book seen as opposing or questioning America's military involvement in World War I
Great Migration
the relocation of more than 6 million Black Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest and West from about 1916 to 1970
Red Scare
fears of communism spreading to us from the russian government being over thrown
Red Summer
An outbreak of racial violence
Lost Generation
the generation of writers, artists, musicians, and intellectuals that came of age during the First World War and the “Roaring Twenties.”
Roaring Twenties
Also known as the Jazz Age, the decade of the 1920s featured economic prosperity and carefree living for many.
Reactionary Twenties
a renewed surge of immigration led to a wave of nativism.
Jazz Age
the new style of music and the pleasure-seeking people who made it popular
Cultural Civil War
cultural conflict between social groups and the struggle for dominance of their values, beliefs, and practices.
Causes of prohibition
alcoholic violence and social issues involving mens actions under influence
Effects of prohibition
alcohol taxes drop, rise in crimes and gangs
Note
Flashcard