Problem Solving and Motivation in Cognitive Psychology

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on problem-solving processes and motivation theories in cognitive psychology.

What is the definition of deductive reasoning?

Deductive reasoning is a logical process where a conclusion is drawn from specific premises that are generally accepted as true.

What is a common example of a deductive reasoning error?

A common error is concluding that if all humans are vertebrates and my dog is a vertebrate, then my dog is human.

What is an algorithm in problem solving?

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem that guarantees a solution if followed correctly.

What does heuristic solution mean?

A heuristic solution is a shortcut approach to problem-solving that may not guarantee a correct answer, such as using a magnet to find a needle in a haystack.

What is functional fixedness?

Functional fixedness is the tendency to think of an object only in terms of its traditional uses, which can limit creative problem solving.

What is the representativeness heuristic?

The representativeness heuristic refers to making judgments based on how similar an example is to a known category, often leading to incorrect conclusions.

What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs illustrate?

Maslow's hierarchy of needs illustrates the progression from basic physiological needs to higher psychological needs, culminating in self-actualization.

What are deficiency needs according to Maslow?

Deficiency needs are basic requirements that arise from a lack or deprivation in a person’s life, which motivate behaviors aimed at fulfilling those needs.

What is self-actualization?

Self-actualization is the realization of one's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.

How does motivation influence behavior in a college setting?

Motivation influences behavior by sustaining a student's efforts toward achieving long-term academic goals despite challenges and setbacks.