WWII 1939-1945 (US enters war in 1941) Flashcards

Italian

Benito Mussolini; Fascist

German

Adolf Hitler; Nazi Party; Fascist

Japanese

Hideki Tojo; military leader

Soviet Union

Joseph Stalin; Communist

Neutrality Acts

enacted to maintain US non involvement in WWII

"Cash and Carry" Policy

policy for selling non military goods to nations at war

"Quarantine Speech"

FDR: encouraged democratic nations to boycott aggressive nations. Was criticized by isolationists for the speech

Four Freedoms Speech

FDR's hope for the world: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, freedom from fear

Atlantic Charter

FDR and Churchill agreed their countries sought no territorial gains, freedom of the seas, and an end to the war. Laid foundation for UN

FDR issues Executive Order 9066

creates Japanese internment camps

Korematsu v. United States

Korematsu was convicted of remaining in a restricted area, believing his constitutional rights were violated. The Supreme Court upheld Executive Order 9066.

Allies

US, Great Britain, France, USSR

Axis

Germany, Italy, Japan

Rosie the Riveter

Embodies the role women played during WWII by filling vacant factory jobs left by soldiers (also minorities)

War Production Board

war time production only, unemployment drops to less than 1%

Office of War Information

provided information to Americans through propaganda posters: war bonds, victory gardens

Rationing

save or limit, all extra goes to the troops, goods became scarce

George Marshall

US Army Chief of Staff and military advisor to FDR (US military fought on multiple fronts)

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe (European Theater)

Holocaust

state sponsored systematic persecution/murder of 6 million Jews and other groups by the Nazi, serves as a an extreme example of eugenics

Operation Overlord "D-Day" (Eisenhower)

invasion of Normandy serves as the turning point of WWII in Europe because it opened a second major front

WWII Pacific "Island Hopping" (MacArthur), Battle of Midway (Nimitz)

turning point because it crushed the Japanese Navy

Bataan Death March (Philippines)

one of the largest losses in US history, POW's tortured and killed

Manhattan Project

secret military project started in 1942 to produce the first US nuclear weapon

Flying Tigers (volunteer fighter pilots fought Japanese in China), Navajo Code Talkers (send messages in Navajo), and Tuskegee Airmen (African American fighter pilots)

Heroic Units

Vernon Baker

awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for Battlefield Courage