heath and pa 2

What are social determinants of health?

External factors that influence health outcomes, such as income, social status, education, social environment, and physical environment.

What is the relationship between income and health?

Higher income is linked to better health outcomes.

How does social status affect health?

Higher social status is associated with improved health.

What is the impact of education/literacy on health?

More education generally leads to better health outcomes.

How does social environment influence health?

Better social support is linked to better health.

What does the physical environment include in the context of health?

Access to safe food, water, and safe living conditions influences health positively.

What are biological determinants of health?

Internal factors or genetic characteristics that affect health, including age, sex, biology, and birthweight.

What are some examples of injuries related to activity?

Musculoskeletal injuries, concussions, heat stroke, or frostbite.

What does mortality refer to?

The rate or number of deaths in a given population.

What is morbidity?

The number of people suffering from a disease in a population.

What does the Harvard alumni health study suggest?

There is an inverse relationship between energy expenditure and all-cause death rates.

What was found in the U.S. Railroad health study regarding activity?

Individuals who were more active at work had lower mortality rates.

What is a prospective cohort study?

A research design where a sample population is randomly selected from a defined population.

What is a randomized control trial?

A study where participants are randomly assigned to experimental or control groups.

What characterizes cross-sectional studies?

Risk factors and health outcomes are measured simultaneously.

What defines a case-control study?

Participants are selected based on the presence or absence of a particular condition.

What is the definition of incidence?

New occurrences of a disease in a population over a specified period.

What does prevalence measure?

The total number of individuals who have a specific condition at a given time.

What psychological factors affect adherence to exercise?

Beliefs, intentions, incentives, and perceived barriers.

How do intentions influence adherence to exercise?

Goal setting is crucial for maintaining adherence.

What are some medical hazards that can affect adherence?

Pulmonary issues, gastrointestinal problems, allergic responses, and endocrinologic disorders.

What is the stage of precontemplation in stage theory?

The stage where individuals are inactive and unaware of the need for change.

What does contemplation mean in stage theory?

Individuals are inactive but have the intention to become active.

What is the preparation stage in stage theory?

People are active but not meeting the suggested activity requirements.

What characterizes the action stage in stage theory?

Individuals are meeting activity requirements for less than six months.

What does maintenance mean in stage theory?

Individuals have sustained activity for more than six months.

What is Project PACE?

An initiative that started in the USA and became known as the Activity Counselling Trial (ACT).

What trend is observed regarding activity and age?

Activity levels decrease as age increases, affecting guidelines on movement.

How does parental activity influence children's activity levels?

Active parents are likely to have active children.

What is CSEP-CEP?

An educational program capable of working with any population in a clinical setting.

What is the role of ACSM compared to CSEP-CEP?

ACSM is similar in objectives and outcomes to CSEP-CEP.