C1- Chlamydomonas: a model system

what type of organism is Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

eukaryotic green algae

what distinct feature does chlamy have not found in animals

cell wall

average size of chlamy

10 µm (microns)

is chlamy larger or smaller than the average bacteria

larger

identify the structure & its general function

eyespot

enables swimming away from or towards a light source

common environment of chlamy

fresh-water systems

common environmental temperature range of chlamy

24-28ºC

asexual division mechanism of chlamy

binary fission

T/F- chlamy is a microbe

T

T/F- binary fission is found in multicellular organisms

F

binary fission is common in which organism type

prokaryotes

generation time of chlamy under optimal conditions

10 hours

impact of temperature on growth rate of chlamy

lower temp = lower growth rate

identify the growth phases

1- lag phase

2- exponential phase

3- stationary phase

identify the growth phases

1- fresh media

2- lag phase

3- exponential phase

4- stationary phase

what growth phase has the maximum growth rate

exponential

name for this graph

microbial growth curve

how is this growth rate calculated

change in cell # divided by change in time

why is there no growth in stationary phase

a nutrient runs out

what nutrients commonly cause stationary phase (2)

nitrogen

phosphorus

T/F- we need the same nutrients as chlamy

T

how many essential macronutrients and micronutrients does chlamy need

macro-nutrients: 4

micronutrients: 7

why is nitrogen an essential nutrient (3)

makes proteins

makes RNA

makes DNA

how long ago did algae and plants diverge

1 billion years ago

T/F- chlamy and human flagella are identical

T

why did plants lose flagella

no need for them (stationary)

why did prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells both evolve flagella

easiest way to move

T/F- bacteria & eukaryotes have homologous flagella

F- analogous

what is the only structural difference between cilia & flagella

cilia are shorter

what is a microtubule

a protein polymer made from tubulin subunits

what are eukaryotic flagella microtubules made of

alpha & beta tubulin dimers

what causes microtubules to bend

dynein

what is dynein

a motor protein

main consequence of the bbs4 mutant chlamy

can’t swim

what are ciliopathies

distinct diseases linked to mutations in genes involved in cilia structure/function

the 2 types of cilia

motile

non-motile

why is chlamy a good model system

many human diseases are caused by mutations or defects in flagella & cilia

other name for non-motile cilium

sensory cilium

what issues are linked to defective/mutated motile cilia (2)

male infertility

lung issues

how are flagella in eukaryotes bound

by plasma membrane

what is comparative proteomics

comparison of the entire set of proteins (the proteome) between different biological samples to identify differences in which proteins are present