Chapter 19: Blood

studied byStudied by 3 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Functions of Blood

1 / 35

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

36 Terms

1

Functions of Blood

  • Transportation: O2 and CO2, nutrients, heat, and waste

  • Regulation: homeostasis of body fluids, regulates pH, adjusts body temperature, blood osmotic pressure

  • Protection: ability to clot, white blood cells carry on phagocytosis, blood proteins include antibodies

New cards
2

Plasma

straw-colored liquid, 91.5% water and 8.5% solutes (mostly proteins); makes up the largest percentage of total blood volume

New cards
3

Plasma Proteins

synthesized by hepatocytes (liver cells); includes albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen

New cards
4

Platelets

fragments of cell that donā€™t have a nucleus, release chemicals that promote blood clotting, originate from the cytoplasm of a megakaryocyte

New cards
5

White Blood Cells

protect the body from invading pathogens and other foreign substances

New cards
6

Red Blood Cells

transport oxygen to the body cells and transport CO2 to the lungs

New cards
7

Hematopoiesis

process of blood developing

before birth: umbilical vesicle of an embryo ā†’ liver, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes

last 3 months of gestation and on: red bone marrow

New cards
8

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

biconcave discs, lack a nucleus, canā€™t reproduce or carry on extensive metabolic activities, contain hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein that makes it red); phagocytosed by macrophages in the spleen; broken down into globin, heme, and biliverdin

New cards
9

Function of Transferring and Ferritin

Transferrin: transporter of Fe3+ in the bloodstream, in bloodstream

Ferritin: protein that stores iron in cells, in liver

act as protective ā€œprotein escortsā€ during transport and storage of iron ions

New cards
10

Neutrophil

  • 60-70%

  • phagocytic ā†’ eat and die creating pus

    • small, purple granules and multi-lobed nucleus

New cards
11

Lymphocyte

  • 20-25%

  • long-term immunity

    • minimal cytoplasm, nucleus takes up most space

New cards
12

Monocyte

  • 3-8%

  • blood macrophages (big eaters)

    • large, kidney-bean nucleus

New cards
13

Eosinophil

  • 2-4%

  • parasite fighter, mildly phagocytic

    • big, reddish-orange granules

New cards
14

Basophil

  • 0-1%

  • allergic reaction (release histamine)

    • large, purple granules

New cards
15

Megakaryocyte

huge cells that splinter into 2000-3000 fragments

New cards
16

Platelet

each fragment of a megakaryocyte enclosed by a piece of plasma membrane

break off from megakaryocytes in red bone marrow and enter the blood circulation

New cards
17

Pluripotent Stem Cell

give rise to all of the cell types that make up the body

New cards
18

Hemostasis

sequence of responses that stops bleeding

New cards
19

Vascular Spasm

contraction of circularly arranged smooth muscle in the walls of arteries or arterioles when they are damaged

New cards
20

Platelet Plug Formation

  • Platelet Adhesion: platelets stick to exposed collagen

  • Platelet Release Reaction: become activated ā†’ release chemicals that release more platelets

  • Platelet Aggregation: platelets become sticky (due to ADP) ā†’ platelet plug forms

New cards
21

Clotting (Coagulation)

  • formation of fibrin network

  • blood clot: formation of insoluble protein fibers (fibrin) where the formed elements of blood are trapped

  • extrinsic pathway: occurs rapidly, leaks into blood from cells outside blood vessels

  • intrinsic pathway: occurs slower, activators are in direct contact within blood

New cards
22

Thrombin

positive feedback on clotting, converts fibrinogen into fibrin, 2 loops:

  • accelerates the formation of prothrombinase ā†’ prothrombinase accelerates production of thrombin

  • activates platelets ā†’ reinforces their aggregation and the release of platelet phospholipids

New cards
23

Fibrinogen

blood plasma protein formed in the liver, generates fibrin

New cards
24

Fibrin

forms the threads of the clot

New cards
25

Thrombus

blood clot

New cards
26

Embolus

blood clot that has moved from original location

New cards
27

Fibrinolytic System

dissolves small, inappropriate clots and clots at site of damage once damage is repaired

New cards
28

Plasminogen

inactive blood plasma enzyme that generates plasmin

New cards
29

Plasmin

digests fibrin, initiates destruction of blood clot

New cards
30

Landsteinerā€™s Rule

ā€œYou contain the antibody for the antigen you lackā€

New cards
31

anti-Rh

an Rh- person will develop anti-Rh if and only if an Rh- person receives an Rh+ blood transfusion

a second transfusion of Rh+ will cause agglutination and hemolysis of the RBCs

New cards
32

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus

Rh- parent and Rh+ baby, anti-Rh can cross placenta and parent is exposed during birth, okay if untreated for first pregnancy but not for second

prevention: RhoGam or RhIg ā†’ anti-Rh antibodies given at 28 weeks and delivery which prevents parentā€™s own anti-Rh creation

treatment: intrauterine transfusion and exchange transfusion at birth

New cards
33

Reticulocyte

immature RBC that moves from the red bone marrow into the blood and matures into an RBC within 1-2 days

New cards
34

Erythropoiesis

production of RBCs in the red bone marrow

proerythroblast ā†’ reticulocyte ā†’ RBC

increased during: training at high altitudes, injection of erythropoietin, hemorrhage, anemia

New cards
35

Hormones that Stimulate Hematopoiesis

Erythropoietin (EPO): stimulates production of RBCs

Thrombopoietin (TPO): stimulates the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes

Cytokines: regulate development of blood cell types

New cards
36

Erythropoietin

Increases the number of circulating reticulocytes, oxygen carrying capacity, and bone marrow cell division

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 282 people
... ago
5.0(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 21 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 46 people
... ago
4.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (37)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (141)
studied byStudied by 10 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (47)
studied byStudied by 10 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (62)
studied byStudied by 486 people
... ago
5.0(3)
flashcards Flashcard (27)
studied byStudied by 21 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (89)
studied byStudied by 23 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (70)
studied byStudied by 38 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (205)
studied byStudied by 63 people
... ago
5.0(4)
robot