Hosa 2025 Biomedical debate

"What is the main focus of the research by Kankova et al"

"The impact of social media influencers health advice and the perspectives of health expert content creators"

"What are health expert content creators HECCs"

"Individuals with medical knowledge who provide health advice on social media"

"What method was used to gather insights from HECCs in the study"

"Semistructured indepth qualitative interviews"

"What potential positive role do social media influencers SMIs have in public health"

"They can promote positive health behaviors such as vaccination and healthy diets"

"What risks are associated with social media influencers providing health advice"

"They can spread inaccurate or oversimplified health messages"

"What is a key recommendation from the study regarding health communication research"

"To address both misinformation and overgeneralized health messaging"

"How do HECCs view the role of SMIs in health communication"

"They recognize both the potential benefits and risks of SMIs"

"What is a parasocial relationship PSR"

"A onesided relationship where audience members feel a bond with a media persona"

"How do SMIs typically communicate with their followers"

"Using a conversational style that fosters close connections"

"What distinguishes SMIs from traditional celebrities"

"SMIs gain popularity through selfpresentation and personal branding on social media"

"What classifications exist for social media influencers based on their audience size"

"Microinfluencers and megainfluencers among others"

"What is a significant concern regarding dissemination of health information by SMIs"

"The quality of online health information is often compromised by nonexperts"

"What do HECCs offer in the context of health communication"

"A bridge between accurate health information and the public combining clinical knowledge with social media expertise"

"What is the impact of microinfluencers compared to those with larger followings"

"Microinfluencers are often perceived as more authentic and relatable"

"What is the importance of qualitative research in understanding HECC attitudes"

"It captures the depth and complexity of their experiences and motivations"

"What is the projected trend regarding social media engagement"

"A substantial increase in global social media engagement is expected"

"What health topics do SMIs influence"

"Topics like vaccination cancer screenings fitness and healthy eating"

"What is a potential negative outcome of SMIs endorsing unhealthy habits"

"They can undermine public health efforts by spreading misinformation"

"What is the significance of the study findings for health communication research"

"It emphasizes the need to broaden research to include various aspects of health messaging"

"What strategies do HECCs employ to counteract misleading health messages"

"They use their expertise to critically assess and provide accurate health information"

"Why is it essential to differentiate between nonexpert SMIs and health professionals"

"Health professionals can provide credible health advice unlike nonexpert SMIs"

"What are the implications of the study for public health outcomes"

"Leveraging the influence of SMIs can lead to desirable public health outcomes"

"What is the role of personal insights in SMI content"

"SMIs often share personal experiences to build community and connect with followers"

"What does the study suggest about the future of health communication research"

"It should include a focus on the effects of overgeneralized health messaging"

"What is one way HECCs can help improve health communication"

"By providing accurate information and countering misleading health messages"

"What is the focus of the exploratory study discussed"

"Broadening research to include overgeneralized health messaging"

"What is health misinformation"

"Information contrary to scientific consensus or that distorts verifiable facts"

"How does health misinformation differ from disinformation"

"Misinformation lacks intent to deceive while disinformation is intended to mislead"

"What role do social media influencers SMIs play in health messaging"

"They shape health perceptions and practices of their audience"

"What positive impacts can SMIs have on health behaviors"

"Encouraging exercise promoting healthy diets and positive attitudes toward screenings"

"What negative consequences can arise from SMIs health messaging"

"Motivating unhealthy food consumption and spreading healthrelated misinformation"

"What is overgeneralized health messaging"

"Health information that is factually correct but may mislead due to limited applicability"

"What is the significance of health experts engaging on social media"

"They can address personal health concerns and provide credible information"

"Why are health experts perceived as more credible than nonexpert SMIs"

"Due to their advanced knowledge and training in medical or healthrelated fields"

"What challenges arise from mass communication of health messages by SMIs"

"It fails to consider individual healthrelated choices and behaviors"

"What is the potential risk of selfidentification with SMIs discussing health issues"

"It may lead to selfmisdiagnosis and reliance on unsuitable solutions"

"What are the motivations behind health experts content creation on social media"

"Motivations include personal enjoyment and financial incentives"

"What is the role of health experts in countering misleading health advice"

"They provide accurate information and mitigate the effects of nonexpert advice"

"What ethical guidelines were followed in the research process"

"The research adhered to the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association APA"

"What is the role of the Institutional Review Board in the research"

"To approve the research design and ensure ethical standards are met"

"What can result from generalized health messaging by SMIs"

"It can promote healthrelated behavioral intentions despite individual differences"

"What is the potential impact of misleading health information on social media"

"It can lead to adverse health outcomes and confusion among the audience"

"How do health professionals utilize social media for public health"

"To engage users spread knowledge and assist with lifestyle decisions"

"What is the significance of addressing overgeneralized health messaging"

"It helps prevent misleading conclusions about health conditions among audiences"

"What research questions were posed regarding HECCs and SMIs"

"What motivates HECCs to create content and their attitudes toward SMIs"

"What is the impact of personal health experiences shared by SMIs"

"They can lead to inaccurate conclusions about health conditions for viewers"

"What is the relationship between social media engagement and public health"

"Active engagement by health experts enhances dissemination of health information"

"What is the potential for negative consequences from nonexpert health advice"

"It can exacerbate confusion and worsen health conditions"

"What is the importance of understanding patientphysician interactions on social media"

"To address concerns regarding the reliability of health information shared"

"What does the term health experts refer to in the context of social media"

"Professionals with advanced knowledge and training in medical or healthrelated fields"

"What is the significance of the research findings on health messaging"

"It underscores the urgency of addressing misleading health messaging"

"What challenges arise from mass communication of health messages by SMIs"

"It fails to consider individual healthrelated choices and behaviors"

"What is the potential risk of selfidentification with SMIs discussing health issues"

"It may lead to selfmisdiagnosis and reliance on unsuitable solutions"

"What are the motivations behind health experts content creation on social media"

"Motivations can include personal enjoyment and financial incentives"

"What is the role of health experts in countering misleading health advice"

"They can provide accurate information and mitigate the effects of nonexpert advice"

"What ethical guidelines were followed in the research process"

"The research adhered to the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association APA"

"What is the Institutional Review Boards role in the research"

"To approve the research design and ensure ethical standards are met"

"What can result from generalized health messaging by SMIs"

"It can promote healthrelated behavioral intentions despite individual differences"

"What is the potential impact of misleading health information on social media"

"It can lead to adverse health outcomes and confusion among the audience"

"How do health professionals utilize social media for public health"

"To engage users spread knowledge and assist with lifestyle decisions"

"What is the significance of addressing overgeneralized health messaging"

"It helps prevent misleading conclusions about health conditions among audiences"

"What research questions were posed regarding HECCs and SMIs"

"What motivates HECCs to create healthrelated content and their attitudes toward SMIs"

"What is the impact of personal health experiences shared by SMIs"

"They can lead to inaccurate conclusions about health conditions for viewers"

"What is the relationship between social media engagement and public health"

"Active engagement by health experts can enhance public dissemination of health information"

"What is the potential for negative consequences from nonexpert health advice"

"It can exacerbate confusion and worsen health conditions"

"What is the importance of understanding the dynamics of patientphysician interactions on social media"

"To address concerns regarding the reliability of health information shared"

"What does the term health experts refer to in the context of social media"

"Professionals with advanced knowledge and training in medical or healthrelated fields"

"What is the significance of the research findings on health messaging"

"It underscores the urgency of addressing misleading health messaging"

"How can health professionals counteract misleading health messaging"

"By providing accurate contextually relevant health information"

"What is the primary focus of the research study"

"To examine the outcomes of overgeneralized health messaging by SMIs and its comparison to health misinformation"

"What are the two concepts that the study aims to differentiate"

"Misinformation and overgeneralized messaging"

"What is RQ3 in the study"

"Whether harmful effects of overgeneralized health messaging by SMIs are comparable to those of misinformation"

"Why are health experts considered valuable sources in this study"

"They confront the consequences of misleading information and provide insights on effective strategies to counteract it"

"What is RQ4 in the study"

"What measures should be taken to counter the spread of misleading information by SMIs from the perspective of HECCs"

"How were potential participants for the study identified"

"Through an Instagram search of healthrelated profession keywords"

"What qualifications were required for individuals to be considered health professionals in the study"

"A recognized qualification in a health field such as a degree in medicine or nutrition"

"What criteria were used to define active content creators in the study"

"Publishing at least one healthrelated post per month for the last three months"

"How many health experts were contacted for the study"

"45 health experts were contacted"

"What was the final sample size of health experts in the study"

"12 health experts from various fields"

"What types of health professionals were included in the final sample"

"Psychotherapists nutritionists medical doctors pharmacists and a physiotherapist"

"What age range did the participants fall into"

"24 to 42 years old"

"What was the average age of participants in the study"

"2967 years"

"What method was used to analyze the data collected from interviews"

"Thematic qualitative text analysis using MAXQDA"

"What is the first step in Kuckartz approach to thematic qualitative text analysis"

"Familiarization with the data"

"What was the range of interview durations in the study"

"26 to 55 minutes"

"What platform was primarily used for conducting interviews"

"Zoom video calls"

"What was the purpose of obtaining consent from participants"

"To ensure voluntary participation and inform them about their rights and data usage"

"What was the outcome of the data analysis regarding new themes"

"Saturation was reached as no new themes or insights emerged"

"How did the researchers ensure the reliability of the analysis"

"By consulting with a coauthor during the verification phase"

"What language were the interviews conducted in"

"Czech"

"What was the main goal of the semistructured qualitative interviews"

"To gain indepth understanding of HECC perceptions attitudes and experiences"

"What is the significance of the diverse backgrounds of the participants"

"To enhance diversity of perspectives and ensure broad representation of expertise"

"What does HECC stand for"

"Health Expert Content Creators"

"What was the range of Instagram followers among participants"

"484 to 64800 followers"

"What is the average number of followers among participants"

"1477483 followers"

"What was the purpose of the consent sheet provided to participants"

"To inform them about the study their rights and how the data would be used"

"What was the first research question RQ1 focused on"

"HECC motivation for creating and sharing content on social media"

"What are the four main motivations identified for HECCs on social media"

"Public health education professional visibility community engagement and countering misinformation"

"What did Interviewee 2 aim to achieve through social media"

"To build a community for sharing experiences related to eating disorders"

"How do HECCs perceive the role of social media in discussing sensitive topics"

"It provides anonymity and openness making people more willing to discuss sensitive issues"