Module 2 Vocabulary Flashcards: Primary/Secondary Sources and First Mass/First Cry Debates

Vocabulary flashcards covering primary vs secondary sources, credibility and reliability, and the debates surrounding the First Mass and the First Cry in Philippine history.

Primary source

An original, firsthand account or artifact from the time of an event (e.g., diaries, logs, eyewitness testimony, artifacts).

Secondary source

An interpretation or analysis of an event based on primary sources (e.g., textbooks, reviews, documentaries).

Credibility

The quality of being believable or trustworthy in an account or source.

Reliability

The consistency and dependability of information and the trustworthiness of the author or source.

First Mass

The event regarded as the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines, with debate over its exact site: Limasawa, Masao, or Mazaua.

Mazaua

Site named by Pigafetta as the location of the First Mass; its exact location is disputed.

Mazava

Site named in Albo’s logbook as the location of the First Mass; contested by scholars.

Limasawa

Island in Leyte proposed by some scholars as the site of the First Mass.

Masao

Area near present-day Butuan proposed by some scholars as the site of the First Mass.

Pigafetta

Author of a chronicle of Magellan’s voyage; his account supports Mazaua as the First Mass site.

Albo

Magellan’s companion whose logbook mentions Mazava (Mazaua) in the First Mass discussion.

The First Cry of the Philippine Revolution

The uprising against Spain; sources differ on the date and location (Balintawak, Pugad Lawin, etc.).

Balintawak

A locality in Caloocan; Masangkay places the First Cry there on August 26, 1896.

Pugad Lawin (Pugadlawin)

Yard of Juan Ramos where the cedulas were torn; cited by some historians as the Cry location/date.

Cedula

Tax certificate or certificate of Spanish authority; tearing cedulas symbolized revolt.

Katipunan

Secret revolutionary society led by Andres Bonifacio that organized the uprising.

Andres Bonifacio

Leader of the Katipunan and a central figure in the Philippine Revolution.

Emilio Jacinto

Key Katipunero and secretary, involved in planning and leadership of the uprising.

Pio Valenzuela

Katipunero who provided eyewitness testimony and helped relay events to others.

Apolonio Samson

Katipunero who hosted gatherings at Balintawak and provided support to rebels.

Bahay Toro

Location where a large Katipunan meeting and planning occurred for the uprising.

Kangkong

Site reached during the Balintawak movement before moving to Bahay Toro.

Cry of Balintawak

Term used for the early uprising moment, though some accounts place the Cry at Pugadlawin or Balintawak vicinity.

Cry of Pugad Lawin

Event where cedulas were torn to signify defiance; associated with August 23, 1896 in some accounts.

Teodoro Agoncillo

Historian who argued the Cry occurred at Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896, based on Pio Valenzuela’s account.

Guillermo Masangkay

Katipunero whose 1932 account places the First Cry at Balintawak on August 26, 1896.

Internal source criticism

Assessing a source’s context, bias, and limitations to judge credibility within that source.

Comparative source evaluation

Analyzing multiple sources to compare credibility, biases, and reliability to draw conclusions.