9H Unit 2: Absolutism

absolute monarchy

one person has complete or total control over all aspects of their country

characteristics of an absolute monarch

economy, religion, politics, culture, social

economy under absolute monarchs

encourage domestic industry and foreign trade, control or raise taxes

ex. of domestic industry and foreign trade

buy goods from our own country to keep the money within it, influence other countries to buy your goods

religion under an absolute monarch

affirmed the idea of the divine right of kings, controlled or suppressed religions that are practiced in the kingdoms

divine right of kings

the idea that the king or leader was appointed by god, people thought that monarchs were living forms of god

politics under absolute monarchs

consolidates and centralizes power from others, extend empire and explore, advocates for strong military

example of consolidating and centralizing power from others

monarch would take power from high class people and bring them below them

social pyramid under absolute monarch (high to low)

king, lords, knights, nobles, merchants, serfs and peasants

culture of an absolute monarch

becomes patrons of the arts (creates self portraits and glorifies themselves), censorship of rebellious material

social part of absolute monarch

demonstrates or shows off their power, demands loyalty of all citizens

absolutism in england

king henry VIII, queen mary I, queen elizabeth and elizabethan era, king james I, king charles I, english civil war, restoration, constitutional monarchy

King Henry VIII

beginning of absolutism in england, wants to divorce his wife but pope would have to approve so instead he goes to parliament and breaks away from the church, the church has power over the state at the time so he passes the act of supremacy, introduced DRK over papal supremacy, had to work with parliament and was responsible for the emergence of a modern state, he centralized the govt

act of supremacy

made king head of church of england

papal supremacy

the idea that the pope had authority of church and even kings when it came to religious matters

queen mary I

bloody mary, henry VIII daughter, tries to restore catholicism, not happy with her dad, killing protestants by burning them at the stake because they would have agreed with her dad

protestants

Christians who broke away from the Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation.

queen elizabeth

parliament helped her pass laws that favored protestantism, established the english protestant church, pressured to marry, limited france and spain's power, defeated the spanish armada, allowed parliament to say what they want without being scared of being killed

elizabethan era

queen elizabeth, celebrated throughout her life, became cult of personality, reigned for 44 years, famous for english drama and culture like shakespeare

queen elizabeth's motto

i see and keep silent

king james I

believed in DRK and that king should rule without parliament, had no money because those who ruled before him started big and costly wars, from scotland, opposed by puritans

puritans

a group of strict Protestants who wanted the church to be more simple and strict, based fully on the Bible.

what did the puritans want during king james I rule

wanted to make church of england pure, they thought the church of england was too catholic

characteristics of queen elizabeth

loved, honest, opposite of mary, but was a hothead

king charles I

wants money for wars so he wages taxes, petition of rights, dismisses parliament but brings them back in 10 years because he needs money

peitition of rights

king charles I, parliament wants him to sign, makes him not able to tax the people without parliament consent, no illegal imprisonment, no martial law

english civil war

king james I and royalist vs Oliver cramwell and roundheads, roundheads win, king ccharles put on trial for treason, is publicly beheaded in his own palace

what happened after king charles I was beheaded

commonwealth was created

commonwealth

republic for the people

oliver cromwell

brilliant military mind, created a disciplined military

what happened after english civil war

cromwell is an ineffective leader so charles II becomes king and brings DRK back,

restoration

conflict remained with dutch, religious tension remained, habeas corpus act, bubonic plague comes back, great london fire

habeas corpus act

government must bring a person to court if they're arrested, makes sure no one is jailed without reason

constitutional monarchy

nobles invite william and mary to be royals, known as glorious revolution, they sign english bill of rights

constitutional monarchy def

monarchy limited by law

english bill of rights

gave more power to Parliament and protected the rights of the people, royals are under the law as well

example of spain monarch

king phillip II, control over govt, defended catholic church, centralizes royal power, taxes to fund wars

example of france monarch

king louis XIV, he made all decision, didn't let estates general meet, used taxes to start wars, patron of the arts, controlled army and waged costly wars, revoked edict of nantes

edict of nantes

provided religious freedom

example of russia monarch

peter the great, assigned jobs based on class, nobles were army or govt, church under his control, killed people that tried to overpower him,

example of norway monarch

fredrick III, controlled military and govt alone, abolished legislative branch, stood above human laws, ignored advice from nobles, his power came from kingelevon (kings laws) which said he was the most supreme

king louis XIV character

lavish life, prestige and priveledge, very busy and carefree at the same time