Bio Test Cells

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Developed the first microscope

Observed pond water and discovered the microscopic life that lives within

Robert Hooke

First person to use the term “cells” by observing plant cell walls in cork

Mitosis

Regular cell division

Most cells replicate by

making exact copies of themselves

Robert Brown

Discovered that many cells have a dark spot near the center

Credited with discovering the nucleus

Matthias Schledien

Stated that “all plants are made of cells”

Theodor Schwann

Stated that “all animals are made of cells”

Rudolf Virchow

stated that “all cells arise from the division of preexisting cells”

What is #1

Ocular

What is #2

Eye piece

What is #3

Revolving nosepiece

What is #4

Objective lenses

What is #5

Diaphragm

What is #6

Stage

What is #7

Light source

What is #8

Base

What is #9

Coarse adjustment

What is #10

Fine adjustment

What is #11

Arm

What is #12

Stage clips

Resolution

ability to distinguish between two objects

What does the diaphragm do?

Adjusts the level of light

What does the revolving nosepiece do?

Allows objective lenses to be rotated

Cell theory #1

All living things are made up of one or more cell.

Cell theory #2

The cell is the basic unit of organization of living things.

Cell theory #3

All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Simple diffusion

movement of molecules across a membrane from areas of high to low concentration

Osmosis

diffusion of water molecules

Facilitated diffusion

carrier proteins help move molecule and substances across the membrane

Active transport requires

energy

How does concentration affect diffusion?

the more molecules concentrated in an area, the quicker they spread out or diffuse

How does temperature affect diffusion?

the warmer the temperature, the more energy there is and the faster the molecules move

How does pressure affection diffusion?

higher pressure speeds up molecules

Endocytosis

cell engulfs substance

Phagocytosis

cell engulfs solid chunks of the material

Pinocytosis

cell engulfs liquid droplets

Exocytosis

cell expels material

Role of proteins in the phospholipid bilayer

help material enter or exit cell

The way we visualize how the cell membrane works is the…

fluid mosaic model

Role of cholesterol

maintains fluidity of the cell membrane

Role of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates on the outside surface of the cell membrane

cell signaling and cell-to-cell communication and identification

The phospholipid head is made up of

glycerol and phosphate group

The phospholipid tail is made up of

fatty acid chains

The phospholipid tail is

hydrophobic

The phospholipid head is

hydrophilic

Cell wall function

Support and protection

Cell membrane function

Passage of molecules into and out of the cell

Nucleolus role

makes ribosomes

What is chromatin

uncoiled chromosomes

Ribosome function

makes proteins

Rough ER function

protein synthesis

Smooth ER function

lipid synthesis and detoxification

Golgi apparatus function

processing, packaging, and secretion of proteins and molecules

Lysosome

membrane bordering vesicle that contains digestive enzymes, recycling center of the cell

Lysosome function

cellular, cleanup, and disposal

Chloroplast function

photosynthesis: converts energy from the sun into chemical energy

Mitochondria function

converts energy stored in food to energy needed by the cell (cellular respiration)

Centriole function

important during mitosis

Vacuoles function

storage

What is 1

Microfilaments

What is 2

Centriole

What is 3

Cytoplasm

What is 4

Chromatin

What is 5

Nucleolus

What is 6

Nuclear envelope

What is 7

Nucleus

What is 8

Microtubules

What is 9

Vacuole

What is 10

Lysosome

What is 11

Cell membrane

What is 12

Mitochondria

What is 13

Rough ER

What is 14

Golgi apparatus

What is 1

Vacoule

What is 2

Lysosome

What is 3

Cell membrane

What is 4

Mitochondria

What is 5

Rough ER

What is 6

Golgi appratus

What is 7

Cell wall

What is 8

Nuclear envelope

What is 9

Nucleolus

What is 10

Chromatin

What is 11

Nucleus

What is 12

Chloroplast

What is 13

Microfilaments

What is 14

Microtubules

What is 15

Cytoplasm

What kind of biomolecule is embedded in the cell membrane that allows facilitated diffusion to occur?

Protein