review de renacimiento y reformacion

Groundlings

People who stood in the pit and watched plays / Personas que veían la obra de pie en el teatro

Globe Theatre

Open-air theater in London where Shakespeare’s plays were performed / Teatro al aire libre en Londres donde se presentaban obras de Shakespeare

The Wooden O

Nickname for the Globe Theatre / Apodo del Globe Theatre

Commedia dell’arte

Italian theater style that allowed women to perform / Estilo teatral italiano que permitió a mujeres actuar

Humanism

Study of classical Greek and Roman ideas focused on human potential / Estudio de ideas clásicas enfocado en el potencial humano

Humanist

Person who studies humanities like literature, history, and ethics / Persona que estudia literatura, historia y ética

Merchant Princes

Wealthy families with economic and political power / Familias ricas con poder económico y político

Condottieri

Mercenary military leaders hired by states / Líderes militares mercenarios contratados

Renaissance Man

Person skilled in many areas (art, fighting, music, etc.) / Persona con muchas habilidades

Renaissance Woman (ideal)

Expected to be talented but not surpass men / Mujer talentosa pero sin superar al hombre

Sprezzatura

Ability to make difficult things look effortless / Hacer ver lo difícil como fácil

Chiaroscuro

Use of strong contrast between light and dark to create depth / Uso de luz y sombra para crear profundidad

Linear Perspective

Use of a vanishing point to create 3D space / Uso de punto de fuga para crear profundidad

Atmospheric Perspective

Objects appear blurred and lighter in the distance / Objetos se ven más borrosos y claros a distancia

Sfumato

Soft blending of edges without harsh lines / Difuminado suave sin bordes definidos

Michelangelo – David

Large marble sculpture representing strength and power / Escultura de mármol que representa fuerza

Donatello – David

First freestanding nude male sculpture since antiquity / Primer desnudo masculino independiente

Leonardo da Vinci – Sketchbooks

Drawings of inventions and movement / Dibujos de inventos y movimiento

Raphael – School of Athens

Painting of classical philosophers (Plato and Aristotle) / Pintura de filósofos clásicos

Botticelli – Primavera

Mythological painting combining classical and Christian ideas / Pintura mitológica con ideas clásicas y cristianas

Ghiberti – Gates of Paradise

Decorated doors of the Florence Baptistery / Puertas decoradas del baptisterio

Brunelleschi – Dome

Double-shell dome structure for stability / Cúpula de doble estructura para soporte

School of Athens

Represents Greek philosophy and thinkers / Representa filósofos griegos

Primavera

Symbolic scene blending mythology and humanism / Escena simbólica de mitología y humanismo

The Last Supper

Depicts Jesus and apostles with strong linear perspective / Representa a Jesús con perspectiva lineal

Arnolfini Portrait

Detailed oil painting showing wealth and symbolism / Pintura detallada con simbolismo

Knight, Death, and the Devil

Engraving showing moral struggle and virtue / Grabado sobre lucha moral

The Crucifixion (Grünewald)

Shows intense suffering to connect with the sick / Muestra sufrimiento extremo

The Garden of Earthly Delights

Triptych showing sin and human behavior / Tríptico sobre el pecado humano

Hunters in the Snow

Scene of everyday life in winter / Escena de vida cotidiana

Madonna with the Long Neck

Distorted proportions typical of Mannerism / Proporciones distorsionadas.

Mannerism

Art style with distortion, exaggeration, and emotion / Estilo con distorsión y exageración

Genre Painting

Art showing scenes of everyday life / Arte de la vida cotidiana

Gates of Paradise

Nickname for Ghiberti’s Baptistery doors / Nombre dado a las puertas

Double-shell dome

Two-layer dome structure for support / Cúpula de dos capas

Martin Luther

Religious reformer who challenged the Catholic Church / Reformador religioso

95 Theses

List of arguments against Church practices / Lista de críticas a la Iglesia

Predestination

Belief that God decides salvation before birth / Dios decide salvación antes de nacer

Indulgences

Payments for forgiveness of sins / Pagos por perdón de pecados

Sacraments

Religious rituals like communion / Rituales religiosos

Protestant

Follower who opposed the Catholic Church / Seguidor que protestó la Iglesia

Counter-Reformation

Catholic Church response to Protestantism / Respuesta de la Iglesia Católica

Henry VIII

King who created Anglican Church / Rey que creó la Iglesia Anglicana

Anglican Church

New church in England separate from Rome / Nueva iglesia en Inglaterra

Protestant Work Ethic

Belief that hard work shows moral virtue / Trabajo duro muestra virtud

Vernacular

Everyday spoken language / Lengua común

Bonfire of the Vanities

Burning of luxury items for religious purity / Quema de objetos por religión

Savonarola

Monk who led the movement / Monje que lideró el movimiento

Word Painting

Music reflects meaning of the lyrics / Música refleja el significado

Renaissance Humanism

Mix of classical ideas with Christian beliefs / Mezcla de ideas clásicas y cristianas