chapter 12 vocab

bio

anticodon

3 bases that are complementary to one mRNA codon.

bacteriophage

one kind of virus that infects bacteria (DNA or RNA core and protein coat)

basepairing

pairing of the codons with the new strands.

chromatin

eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein tightly packed together

codon

consists of three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid that is to be added to the polypeptide.

differentiation

cells become specialized in structure and function.

dna polymerase

joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule which is a polymer.

exon

DNA sequences that code for proteins

frameshift mutation

change every codon from the point of mutation onward in a gene insertions and deletions are the 2 types.

gene

are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within a cell.

histone

Chromatin consists of DNA that is tightly coiled around proteins called

intron

(not involved in coding for proteins), DNA of eukaryotic genes contains sequences of nucleotides called

messenger mrna

carry instructions for making protein from DNA to ribosome

mutation

mistakes in copying their own DNA inserting an incorrect base of skipping a base a the new strand is put together

nucleotide

DNA is a long molecule made up of units called

point mutation

gene mutations involving changes in one or a few nucleotides

replication

idk

ribosomal (rRNA)

\
combines with proteins to make up ribosomes

rna polymerase

proof reader for rna

transcription

RNA molecules are produced by copying a part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA a process called

transfer (tRNA)

bring amino acids to ribosome to build the protein

transformation

one strain of bacteria (the harmless strand) had apparently been changed permanently into another (the disease causing strand)

translation

decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein) is known as