Psychological terms 1.3 and 1.5a-

Stimulants

Drugs that excite the neural activity and speedup body functions

Depressants

Drugs that slow down nervous system activity

Hallucinogens

Drugs that alter perception and reality (makes you hallucinate)

Opioids

Pain-relieving drugs that also produce euphoria.

Tolerance

The need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect.

Addiction

Compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences

EEG

Produces amplified tracings of waves of electrical brain activity. Records electrical activity of the brain. Widely used in sleep research.

Circadian Rhythm

The body's internal biological clock regulating sleep and wakefulness.

NREM 1

Eyes closed, slow rolling of eyes. Average of 5-10 minutes. Theta waves are present. Transitional stage where one is easily awakened. Time of hypnogogic experiences, or dream-like sensations.

NREM 2

Around half your night, still easily awoken, transitional stage 2. Far less aware of surroundings. Going from theta waves in light sleep to delta waves in deep sleep.

NREM 3

Slow wave sleep, delta waves, very relaxed. Slow and regular heart rate. Can fall back asleep easily. Associated with growth and development for children.

Hypnogogic Sensations

Vivid sensory experiences that occur at sleep onset.

REM Sleep

A stage in sleep where dreaming occurs and high brain activity with rapid-eye movement sleep.

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Process that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during REM sleep.

Insomnia

Characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or obtaining restful sleep, leading to daytime fatigue and impaired functioning.

Narcolepsy

Neurological disorder marked by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden, irresistible sleep attacks.

REM Sleep Disorder

A condition where individuals physically act out dreams.

Sleep Apnea

Condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, leading to fragmented sleep and decreased oxygen levels.

Withdrawal symptoms

include intense craving for the drug and effects opposite to those the drug usually induces.

Substance use disorder

Continuing to take a substance after it effects your daily routine with negative impact

Barbiturate

A drug that reduces anxiety by depressing the nervous system but changes memory and judgment

THC

A ingredient in marijuana that is mix of effects that is being produce to causes delusions and anxiety (to make you high)

Consciousness

being aware of your surroundings and yourself

Dual process

processing information on separate tracks at once. 

Ex: Walking to class and texting 

Blindsight 

responding to visual stimulus without visual awareness 

Ex: Identifying location of objects and detecting movement while being blind

Parallel process

Processing many aspects of stimulus that is unconscious

Ex: Your brain processing colors and shapes at once

Sequence process

processing one aspect of stimulus one at a time that is conscious

Ex: reading a sentence word for word

Sleep cycle 

A pattern of stages that brain moves through the night (last for 90 minutes)

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Biological clock to help synchronize sleep and wake up cycle

Sleep deprivation and it’s effects

Not getting enough sleep that can effect your well-being

Information processing theory 

To process and organize information from the day and that memory improves after REM sleep

Cognitive Development theory

Dreams reflect growth and real life thinking

Ex: Children’s dreams are more basic while adults’ are more complex

Physiological Function theory

Dreams serve as a biological purpose by providing the brain’s stimulation from REM sleep to help develop and preserve neural pathways

REM rebound

Being sleep deprived of REM sleep that is longer and intense the next night of sleep

Ex: After pulling an all-nighter and fall asleep the next night, you spend more time dreaming    

Somnambulism 

consistent sleep walking (motor behavior)