Chapter 12 Personality Study Guide

Question-and-answer flashcards covering major concepts for the Chapter 12 personality test review.

What is the primary purpose of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

To assess personality structure and identify patterns associated with psychological disorders.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was designed to measure what?

Personality preferences across four Jungian dimensions (Extraversion–Introversion, Sensing–Intuition, Thinking–Feeling, Judging–Perceiving).

List the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from base to apex.

Physiological → Safety → Love/Belonging → Esteem → Self-actualization.

In Freud’s structural model, what is the chief function of the ego?

To mediate between the instinctual id, the moralistic superego, and external reality using reason and defense mechanisms.

How is the Big Five trait of conscientiousness defined?

A tendency toward organization, reliability, self-discipline, and goal-directed behavior.

What did Carl Jung mean by the collective unconscious?

A universal, inherited layer of the unconscious containing archetypes shared by all humans.

How do adoption studies illustrate environmental influences on personality?

Adopted children often resemble their adoptive families in values and attitudes, showing that environment shapes traits alongside genetics.

In psychoanalytic theory, what is sublimation?

Redirecting unacceptable impulses into socially approved or productive activities (e.g., channeling aggression into sports).

What characterizes an authoritarian personality?

Rigid adherence to conventional values, submissiveness to authority figures, and hostility toward out-groups or deviants.

According to Maslow, what is self-actualization?

The fulfillment of one’s unique potential and the drive to become the most complete version of oneself.

What was Carl Rogers’ major contribution to psychology?

The development of client-centered (person-centered) therapy emphasizing unconditional positive regard, empathy, and the actualizing tendency.

How did Abraham Maslow influence modern psychology?

By introducing a humanistic perspective focused on positive growth, motivation, and the study of psychologically healthy individuals.