Neuropsychology: Neural Communication, Hormones, and the Brain

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to neuropsychology, including definitions and functions of various components of the nervous system and related processes.

Neuropsychology

Branch of psychology that deals with the relationship between the nervous system and mental processes.

Neurons

Information-carrying cells used for communication in the nervous system.

Soma

The cell body of a neuron.

Dendrites

The part of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons.

Axon

The part of a neuron that transmits signals away from the cell body.

Synapse

The space between adjacent neurons where communication occurs.

Neurotransmitter

Chemicals that send messages across synapses.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning, and memory.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter involved in movement and emotion.

Epinephrine

Also known as adrenaline; increases heart rate and blood pressure during emergencies.

Testosterone

A hormone that is linked to aggression and physical development of male sex characteristics.

Estrogen

A hormone secreted in greater amounts in females, affecting physical development and sexual behavior.

Hippocampus

A brain structure associated with memory.

Cerebellum

A brain structure involved in balance and coordination.

Reticular Formation

A part of the brain that regulates wakefulness and sleep.

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters that block pain and produce euphoria.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Part of the nervous system that connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Part of the PNS controlling involuntary bodily functions.

Sympathetic Nervous System

The division of the ANS that arouses the body in stressful situations.