PSYCHOLOGY WWWWWWWWW

Group Polarization

decisions tend to be more extreme in groups, than in those made by individuals

Superordinate Goal

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
Example for us: do well in school, be healthy

Group Polarization

decisions tend to be more extreme in groups, than in those made by individuals

Superordinate Goal

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
Example for us: do well in school, be healthy

Social Inhibition

the presence of others can poorly affect one's performance
Example: stage fright

Social facilitation

when the presence of other enhance one's performance
Sports fans, home vs. away

Social Loafing

tendency to put in less effort to achieve a goal when working in a group vs working alone

Obedience

following order, usually given by an authority figure

Bystander effect

the idea that when in a group, most individuals will think someone else will take action

Pluralistic ignorance

the longer time passers without intervention the more likely the individual will anything needs to be done

Diffusion of responsibility

when others are present the responsibility is divided, “Someone else will help.”

False Consensus Effect

tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
Our beliefs seem normal to us so we assume they are normal to others
We want to view our own thoughts as normal and correct
What's normal for us is not always normal for others

Cognitive dissonance theory

psychological discomfort from attitudes
If your doing something that's not great you ethier stop doing it or try to make what your doing is not so bad

Effort Justification

we tend to value goals/items which have required considerable effort to ahceieve

persuasion

processes of changin attitude based on some kind of communication

Central route

using logic or statistics to trt to sell you things

Peripheral route

focuses on positive associations

Norm of rpciproicty

we tend to treat others as they have treated us

In group

people with whom we share a common identity will view these people more positively

Out group

people who are perceived as different from us

Out group homogeneity bias

the tendency to assume that the members of other groups are very similar to each other

Scapegoat theory

prejuiducie provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Ethnocentreism

judge another culture based on the standards of one’s own culture

Implicit prejudice

unconssous negative attitudes toward a particular group

Explicit prejudice

negative attitude toward a specific group that is conscioly held even if its not explicitly stated

Other race effect

tend to recall faces of one’s own race more accuratley than faces of other races

Confomity

adjusting one's behaivors to go with the group

Normative social influence

influence resulting from a person desires to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Infromantiol social influence

influence resulting from ones willingness to accepts others opinions about reality

Deindividuation

loss of self awareness and self restraint in groups; mob behavior
Refers to peoples’ tendency to lose their awareness and restraint when in groups

door in the face

The tendency for people to comply with a smaller request after first denying a larger request.

foot in the door

The tendency for people who have first completed a small request to later comply with a larger request.

Fundmental attribution error

When judging other people’s behavior, we tend to overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of situations.
if you've ever chastised a "lazy employee" for being late to a meeting and then proceeded to make an excuse for being late yourself that same day

Halo effect

Occurs when positive impressions of a person in one area leads to positive impressions or opinions of them in other areas.

Prejudice

an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members
involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

Discrimination

negative action toward an individual as a result of their membership of a group.

Stereotype

a generalized (often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

social role

pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group (teacher, parent, spouse etc…) Social roles are defined by culturally shared knowledge

Social Influence

the process in which the presence of other people influence the behavior, feelings and thoughts of an individual

Normative Social Influence

Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

Informational social Influence

Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others opinions about reality.

Aggression

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt

Frustration-Aggression Theory

humans are prevented of achieving a goal, they become frustrated and aggressive

Impulsive Aggression

affective or reactive aggression, impulsive aggression is characterized by strong emotions.

Instrumental Aggression

predatory aggression, instrumental aggression is marked by behaviors that are intended to achieve a larger goal.
premedatated murdder

Attractions

most important factor is similarity

Psychology of Attraction

Proximity

Mere exposure effect

repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
Physical attractiveness
Similarity

Social Exchange Theory

Look at cost and benefits when forming and maintaining a behavior