Lincoln Final Exam Terms

Cooper Institute Address

Lincoln answers the question “Does the Con. forbid the Fed. Gov from controlling slavery in the territory?” by looking at the voting records of the 39 men who signed the Constitution. The majority voted no (21) only a couple (2) voted yes while 16 are unaccounted for.

“Apple of gold“ and “Frame of silver“

The Declaration of Independence is the apple that is framed in the Constitution which is the frame. The Con. is built around the DoI but both are needed for the picture to be complete.

Election of 1860

There were 4 candidates who ran because the Democrats split into 2, independent can., and Lincoln (R). Lincoln won popular vote, elector college, and 18 states.

Address at Independence Hall

Lincoln says any feeling he has had politically has been rooted in the sentiments outlined in the DoI. He also said he would rather die than see the country saved w/o the principles of the DoI.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederacy who argued the states were not part of a revolution or rebellion but they were trying to secede “peacefully” based on “differing views”.

Alexander H. Stephens

The vice president of the Confederacy who wrote that the Southern states were a part of a revolution not secession. Cornerstone of Confederacy is all men are created unequal.

Fort Hill Address

Given by John C. Calhoun and he argued the union came from the states which came from the people. The Southern states were not part of a revolution, but actually secession. (given during the nullification crisis)

Fort Sumpter

Fort in SC that was held hostage by the Confederacy. Lincoln sent supplies and the Con. attacked beginning the war.

“the better angels of our nature”

Quote from 1st Ing. appealing for calm and peace and not secession of states.

Writ of habeas corpus

Gov. has to bring charges against you if you are arrested. Lincoln suspended this to protect the war effort and to stop the spread of misinformation and panic. Lincoln’s action sparked a long standing debate about who this power belongs to (Congress or Executive).

Border states

Very important to Lincoln; if they seceded the Union would have no chance at winning the war. Were not included in the Emancipation Proclamation.

Emancipation Proclamation

Frees the slaves in states of active rebellion.

“Four score and seven years ago”

Beginning of Gettysburg Address, points 87 years back to 1776 and the founding of America. Biblical language (Psalm 90:10) of the average lifespan of a human.

“a new birth of freedom”

Ending of Gettysburg Address. Reinstitution of the principles of by the Founders.

“And the war came”

2nd Ing. Doesn’t blame the South for the war, natural consequence (by God) for American Slavery.

George McClellan

One of Lincoln’s generals during the War. Was good at getting armies ready but not good at actually sending them into battle. Lincoln wrote to him ‘you must act’

Ulysses S. Grant

Lincoln’s final commanding general of the entire Union army. Only general who actually got victories.

Horace Greeley

Wrote a letter to Lincoln (published in the New York Tribune) condemning Lincoln for not acting more aggressively toward the problem of slavery.

Edward Everett

Spoke for two hours at the dedication of the Gettysburg Cemetery, before Lincoln delivered his Address. His speech is largely forgotten today, overshadowed by Lincoln’s speech.

Frederick Douglass

Abolitionist, former slave, wrote a eulogy about Lincoln where he called him a statesman.