Pediatric Sonography- Embryology

what are the 3 parts of the primitive gut?

foregut

midgut

hindgut

which structures are formed by the foregut?

Pharynx

oral cavity

upper/lower respiratory system

esophagus

stomach

duodenum

liver

bile ducts

pancreas

During the duodenal development the lumen becomes obliterated and recanalizes. If this fails to happen, what pathologies can occur? (2)

duodenal atresia

duodenal stenosis

if the duodenum fails to recanalize during development and duodenal atresia or stenosis occurs, what main symptom will infants present with?

bile stained vomiting

what structures are formed by the midgut?

part of duodenum

jejunum

ileum

cecum

appendix

part of transverse colon

physiologic herniation of the midgut happens at ___-___ weeks GA

9-11

physiologic herniation of the midgut includes the rapid enlargement of which 2 organs?

liver

kidneys

the midgut will form a loop and elongate into the umbilicus at what week GA?

week 9

after herniating, the midgut returns to the abdomen at ___ weeks GA

12

which 2 structures are the last to return into the abdomen from midgut herniation?

cecum and appendix

what structures are formed by the hindgut?

left third of the transverse colon

descending colon

sigmoid

rectum

upper part of the anal canal

if there is an abnormal seperation of the rectum from the urogenital organs during hindgut development, what pathology can occur?

fistulas

the liver, GB and biliary system develops in ____-____ weeks GA

4-6

what embryologic structure provides tissue for the portal tracts and the Glisson capsule?

mesoderm

oxygenated blood and nutrients are delivered to the in utero fetus via which structure?

umbilical vein

the intrahepatic umbilical vein connects to the _____ portal vein

left

the intrahepatic umbilical vein will become which adult structure?

ligamentum teres

the ductus venosus connects to the _____

IVC

the ductus venosus becomes which adult structure?

ligamentum venosum

in cases of portal hypertension, which adult structures can become recanalized?

ligamentum teres

ligamentum venosum

the spleen develops from which embryonic structure?

mesoderm

mesodermal cells will divide to form which splenic substance?

red and white pulp

what is white pulp made of?

lymphatic tissue

what is red pulp made of?

vascular sinuses that are capable of storing up to 300mL of blood

is the pancreas formed mainly from the ventral or dorsal pancreatic bud?

dorsal

which parts of the pancreas does the ventral bud develop?

head and uncinate process

which parts of the pancreas does the dorsal bud develop?

body and tail

the ventral and dorsal buds of the pancreas fuse to form what?

duct of wirsung

development of the renal tract begins in week ____ GA

3

which embryologic structure forms the kidneys?

mesoderm

what is the embryologic term for the permenent kidney?

metanephros

nephrons in the matanephros form during which week?

5

the kidneys originate where in the body before they migrate?

pelvis

what are the 2 parts of the adrenal glands?

medulla

cortex

what cells form the adrenal medulla?

neural crest cells

the adrenal cortex is formed by which embryologic structures?

mesoderm