Unit 2 APUSH Terms #2

proprietary colonies

Colonies governed by private individuals or groups, granted full rights by the British monarch. Different from royal or corporate colonies. EXAMPLES: Pennsylvania, Maryland.

Restoration Colonies

English colonies, including Carolina, NY, NJ, and Pennsylvania, established or expanded after King Charles II's 1660 restoration, often granted to loyal supporters for renewed expansion.

Quakers

The Religious Society of Friends, a 17th-century English religious group emphasizing 'inner light’ and equality. Persecuted, they found refuge in William Penn's Pennsylvania.

William Penn

English Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania (1681), establishing it as a 'holy experiment' for religious freedom, fair Native American relations, and democratic governance.

General James Oglethorpe

British general who founded Georgia (1732) as a haven for debtors and from Spanish Florida, initially banning slavery and rum.

Navigation Acts

English laws (1651-1696) regulating colonial trade to benefit Britain's mercantilist system, requiring goods to be shipped on ENGLISH VESSELS and certain products only to England. This economic control sparked colonial resentment.

Dominion of New England

An administrative UNION (1686-1689) of British colonies in New England, NY, and NJ by King James II to enforce the Navigation Acts and increase royal control. Led to unpopularity and collapse.

Sir Edmund Andros

Governor of the Dominion of New England (1686-1689). His authoritarian policies led to widespread colonial opposition and his overthrow.

triangular trade

The transatlantic trade network linking Europe (manufactured goods), Africa (slaves), and the Americas (raw materials). This system, reliant on slave labor, was vital for colonial economies.

Stono Rebellion

large slave uprising in 1739, near the ___ River, South Carolina. Led by Jemmy. Slaves gathered, raided a firearms shop, and headed south, killing more than 20 white people as they went.

Albany Plan

Benjamin Franklin's 1754 proposal for a unified colonial government aimed at improving defense during the French and Indian War. Early step toward colonial unity.

French & Indian War

The North American phase (1754-63) of the Seven Years' War, Great Britain vs. France, for control of the Ohio River Valley. British victory expelled France but increased tensions with colonists over war debt.

Peace of Paris 1763

Treaty (1763) ending the French and Indian War. France ceded North American territory east of the Mississippi to Britain, marking the end of French power and the vast expansion of the British Empire.

Paxton Boys

Scots-Irish frontiersmen from Pennsylvania who massacred Susquehannock Native Americans (1763). Armed march on Philadelphia in 1764, protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians.

Regulators (Regulator Movement)

Backcountry movement (1760-70s) in North and South Carolina; frontiersmen protested corrupt officials and unfair practices. They violently sought reforms but were defeated by colonial militia at Alamance (1771).

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Major Native American uprising (1763) led by Ottawa chief Pontiac against British in Great Lakes and Ohio Valley after the French and Indian War.

Fort Necessity

A fort built by George Washington in 1754 during the French and Indian War, it was the site of his first military defeat against the French.