Personality Psychology Lecture 3 - Phenomenological Theory

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to phenomenological theory and client-centered therapy as presented in the personality psychology lecture.

Terror Management Theory

How humans deal with the fear of death

-believe in religions and traditional beliefs

-favour in group ideas (similar to your worldview) more than out group cuz might challenge their established worldview and thus their buffer against the fear of death.

Conditions of Worth

Expectations or standards set by others that impact an individual’s self-worth and personal development.

Self-Determination Theory

A theory that distinguishes between whether one is motivated to do things, emphasizing the importance of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Humanistic Psychology

focuses on individual potential and personal growth.

It emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and the importance of a supportive environment for psychological well-being.

Pioneered by figures like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, it encourages understanding people as whole, unique individuals, striving to reach their fullest potential.

What is Client-Centered Therapy and who developed it?

Client-Centered Therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, is a type of psychotherapy that emphasizes creating a supportive environment where clients can explore and realize their own potential.

Explain the purpose of the Q-sort Technique in client-centered therapy.

The Q-sort Technique is a method used in client-centered therapy to help individuals identify discrepancies between their actual self (how they see themselves) and their ideal self (how they wish to be or feel they should be) by sorting various self-descriptive items.

What are 'Conditions of Worth' and how do they impact an individual's development?

Conditions of Worth are expectations or standards set by others (e.g., parents, society) that individuals feel they must meet to gain approval or love. Adhering to these conditions can significantly impact an individual
yellows self-worth and hinder authentic personal development.

What key concepts are central to Self-Determination Theory, and what types of motivation does it distinguish?

Self-Determination Theory distinguishes between intrinsic motivation (performing an action for its inherent satisfaction) and extrinsic motivation (performing an action for external rewards or to avoid punishment). It emphasizes the importance of three innate psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness for psychological growth and well-being.

What does 'Cultural Variation' refer to in the context of human behavior?

Cultural Variation refers to the observable differences in beliefs, values, and behaviors among individuals or groups, which are significantly shaped by their respective cultural environments.

What is the core focus of Humanistic Psychology?

Humanistic Psychology is an approach that emphasizes the study of the whole person ('holism') and the uniqueness of each individual. It focuses on concepts like free will, self-actualization, and human potential rather than pathology.

What is the primary focus of phenomenological theory in therapy?

subjective, conscious experience of the client, emphasizing their personal perceptions and meanings.

What are the two aspects of the self according to Rogers?

The actual self and the ideal self.

What are the three essential qualities of a successful client-therapist relationship according to Rogers?

Congruence (genuineness), unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.

What is the positive psychology movement and how does it relate to Rogers' ideas?

It focuses on human strengths and well-being rather than pathology, aligning with Rogers' emphasis on personal growth and the positive potential of individuals.