13. Watergate and Vietnam: 1970s America

What was the Watergate Scandal and how did it end? (A) A failed CIA coup (B) A break-in at DNC HQ followed by Nixon’s cover-up; ended with Nixon’s resignation in 1974 (C) A Supreme Court case (D) A military spying operation)

(B) A break-in at DNC HQ followed by Nixon’s cover-up; ended with Nixon’s resignation in 1974

What event initiated the Watergate investigation? (A) Vietnam protests (B) Break-in at Watergate Hotel involving CREEP operatives (C) Pentagon Papers (D) Oil embargo)

(B) Break-in at Watergate Hotel involving CREEP operatives

What were the Watergate tapes? (A) Campaign ads (B) Secret Oval Office recordings that proved Nixon’s involvement in the cover-up (C) KGB intercepts (D) Vietnam intelligence files)

(B) Secret Oval Office recordings that proved Nixon’s involvement in the cover-up

What was the Saturday Night Massacre? (A) Vietnam protest (B) Nixon firing special prosecutor Cox, leading to multiple resignations (C) Military crackdown (D) CIA revolt)

B) Nixon firing special prosecutor Cox, leading to multiple resignations

What was the final result of Watergate? (A) Nixon impeached (B) Nixon resigned and Ford became president, later pardoning him (C) Nixon imprisoned (D) Vice President removed)

(B) Nixon resigned and Ford became president, later pardoning him

How did the Vietnam War end in 1975? (A) U.S. invaded the North (B) Paris Peace Accords followed by U.S. withdrawal; Saigon fell to North Vietnam in 1975 (C) South Vietnam won (D) UN intervention)

(B) Paris Peace Accords followed by U.S. withdrawal; Saigon fell to North Vietnam in 1975

What was Vietnamization? (A) Full U.S. invasion (B) Nixon’s plan to shift fighting to South Vietnamese forces while withdrawing American troops (C) Ending the draft (D) Peace treaty with China)

(B) Nixon’s plan to shift fighting to South Vietnamese forces while withdrawing American troops

What triggered the final North Vietnamese victory in 1975? (A) U.S. reinvasion (B) Collapse of South Vietnamese government after U.S. withdrawal (C) Soviet withdrawal (D) French support ended)

(B) Collapse of South Vietnamese government after U.S. withdrawal

What caused the 1970s economic decline? (A) Low taxes (B) Deindustrialization, cheap foreign goods, and mechanization leading to unemployment and inflation (C) War profits stopping (D) Tech bubble burst)

(B) Deindustrialization, cheap foreign goods, and mechanization leading to unemployment and inflation

What is stagflation? (A) Low inflation & high growth (B) High inflation + economic stagnation + high unemployment (C) Economic boom (D) Deflation only)

(B) High inflation + economic stagnation + high unemployment

What triggered the 1973 energy crisis? (A) U.S. pipeline shutdown (B) Arab Oil Embargo cutting off oil to U.S. and allies (C) Nuclear accident (D) Gasoline strike)

(B) Arab Oil Embargo cutting off oil to U.S. and allies

Why did Arab nations impose the 1973 oil embargo? (A) Trade dispute (B) U.S. support for Israel during the Yom Kippur War (C) Soviet pressure (D) UN sanctions)

(B) U.S. support for Israel during the Yom Kippur War

What were effects of the Arab Oil Embargo? (A) Cheap gas (B) Fuel shortages, price spikes, 55-mph speed limit, start of energy conservation (C) End of automobiles (D) U.S. military draft returned)

(B) Fuel shortages, price spikes, 55-mph speed limit, start of energy conservation

How did counterculture shift into “Yuppies” by the late 1970s? (A) Hippies became farmers (B) Former activists entered workforce, focusing on wealth, careers, and consumer lifestyles (C) Protest movements increased (D) Campus riots grew)

(B) Former activists entered workforce, focusing on wealth, careers, and consumer lifestyles

What characterized Yuppie culture? (A) Anti-technology lifestyles (B) Careerism, materialism, consumerism among young professionals (C) Rural living (D) Anti-capitalism)

(B) Careerism, materialism, consumerism among young professionals

What was the Weather Underground? (A) Peaceful student group (B) Domestic terrorist group that used bombings to protest the U.S. government and Vietnam War (C) CIA program (D) Anti-drug task force)

(B) Domestic terrorist group that used bombings to protest the U.S. government and Vietnam War

What broader trend defined 1970s domestic terrorism? (A) Decline in crime (B) Rise in political bombings, hijackings, cult violence, and serial killers (C) Stable social environment (D) Military coups)

(B) Rise in political bombings, hijackings, cult violence, and serial killers

What was détente in the 1970s? (A) Nuclear arms race intensification (B) Easing of Cold War tensions between the U.S. and USSR, including diplomacy and arms limits (C) Start of Korean War (D) Cuban invasion)

(B) Easing of Cold War tensions between the U.S. and USSR, including diplomacy and arms limits

What was Ping-Pong Diplomacy? (A) A sports protest (B) Use of table-tennis exchanges to open U.S. relations with China in 1971 (C) Soviet athletic training (D) U.S. boycott)

(B) Use of table-tennis exchanges to open U.S. relations with China in 1971

Why was Nixon’s 1972 visit to China important? (A) Increased Cold War (B) Helped open diplomatic relations and exploit the Sino-Soviet split (C) Began Vietnam War (D) Ended Cuban relations)

(B) Helped open diplomatic relations and exploit the Sino-Soviet split

How does Iran-Contra relate to late-Cold War tensions? (A) Rooted in U.S.–Iran friendship (B) Built on tensions after 1979 Iranian Hostage Crisis and growing anti-communist interventions (C) Began in 1950s (D) Result of Korean conflict)

(B) Built on tensions after 1979 Iranian Hostage Crisis and growing anti-communist interventions

What was the Iranian Hostage Crisis (1979–81)? (A) Trade dispute (B) Iranian militants seized U.S. embassy; 52 hostages held 444 days, setting stage for later U.S.–Iran conflict (C) Soviet takeover of Iran (D) Oil spill incident)

B) Iranian militants seized U.S. embassy; 52 hostages held 444 days, setting stage for later U.S.–Iran conflict

How did the Women’s Rights Movement continue in the 1970s? (A) Declined entirely (B) ERA campaign, workplace equality, Roe v. Wade expansion of rights, anti-discrimination laws (C) Focus on military service (D) Return to 1950s domestic roles)

(B) ERA campaign, workplace equality, Roe v. Wade expansion of rights, anti-discrimination laws

Why did the ERA fail to be ratified? (A) No support from women (B) STOP ERA movement argued it would harm women’s protections (C) Supreme Court blocked it (D) Congress overturned it)

(B) STOP ERA movement argued it would harm women’s protections

What did Roe v. Wade (1973) accomplish? (A) Outlawed contraception (B) Legalized abortion in the first trimester, major feminist victory (C) Ended women’s voting rights (D) Established equal pay laws)

(B) Legalized abortion in the first trimester, major feminist victory

How did Black civil rights movements evolve in the 1970s? (A) Disappeared (B) Continued through Black Power emphasis on identity, culture, and self-determination (C) Returned to segregation (D) Became anti-immigration)

(B) Continued through Black Power emphasis on identity, culture, and self-determination

What gains did Mexican American activists make in the 1970s? (A) Citizenship reform (B) UFW unions winning collective bargaining; La Raza Unida promoting political power (C) End of immigration (D) English-only laws)

(B) UFW unions winning collective bargaining; La Raza Unida promoting political power

What was the significance of the 1973 Wounded Knee occupation? (A) Railroad protest (B) Native American assertion of rights that drew national attention and led to the 1974 Self-Determination Act (C) Land sale (D) End of reservations)

(B) Native American assertion of rights that drew national attention and led to the 1974 Self-Determination Act