NURS 216A drugs names + MOA (SEM 1 - 1/2)

Extensively PPB bound drugs

Warfarin
NSAID
Ibuprofen
naproxen
furosemide
digitoxin

most common OD drugs

Antidepressants
ASA
Acetaminophen
alcohol
Benzodiazepines
fentanyl
cocaine

toxidrome for ASA

Confusion
tachycardia
tachypnea
Hyperthermia
diaphoreses
vomiting

toxidrome for ACE

abdominal pain
loss of appetite
diaphoreses

toxidrome for opioids

*suppressant
bradypnea / apnea
bradycardia
pupils constricted

toxidrome for cocaine

(+stims)
agitation, tremors
tachycardia
tachypnea
hyperthermia
pupilas dilated
diaphoreses

Acetaminophen MOA

centrally acting
not anti-inflammatory - analgesic
antipyretic - vasodilation in hypothalamus

opioids MOA

centrally acting analgesics
agonists for receptors mu. kappa, delta (efficacious)
inhibit substance P

opioids MOA

used for moderate - severe pain
high efficacy

high efficacy opioids

fentanyl, hydromorphone, merepedine, morphine, methadone

moderate efficacy opioids

hydrocodone, oxycodone, oxycontin, tramadol

combo opioids

suffix "cet" = combo with ace
Percocet, Vicodin, tract, percodan

opioid OD TX

naloxone
opioid receptor antagonist
mu and kappa receptors

ant inflammatory drugs

ibuprofen

ant inflammatory drug MOA

pain is accosted with inflammation caused by cellular injury, not allergy
inhibit prostaglandin formation via COX enzyme inhibition
analgesic and antipyretic

NSAIDS MOA

inhibits COX 1 (Protective prostaglandins - side FX) + COX 2 ( pro-inflammatory prostaglandins)

NSAID - selective for COX 2

celecoxib

NSAID - non selective COX inhibition

ASA
ECASA
Ibuprofen + ibuprofen- like
indomethacin

glucocroticoid MOA

endogenous hormone
stimulate glucogenises, protein degradation, facilitates liposis
prostaglandin synthesis inhibition (COX2)
suppression of phagocytes/ lymphocytes
histamine release suppression
potent - high efficacy

glucocorticoid meds

suffix -one
hydrocortisone
prednisone (prodrug), prednisolone
*lipophilic, highly PPB,

salbutamol

bronchodilators - rescue for asthma
B2 Adrenergic agonists

atrovent

inhibits PNS - rescue for asthma
anticholergenics

epinephrine

lowers histamine
stimulates SNS
IV - advanced rescue

histamine 1 receptor antagonists (antihistamines) - 1st gen

dimenhydramine (benadryl)
chlorpherinamine
drowsy

histamine 1 receptor antagonists (antihistamines) - 2nd gen

cetirizine (reactin)
non drowsy

cough TX

codeine
CNS depression

congestions TX - 'sympathomimetics'

SNS stimulation = decrease nasal secretions
meds: ephedrine, pseudoephedrine

botulism tx and prevention

tx: antitoxin HBAT
prevention: potassium nitrate salt, nitrites/nitrates (preservatives)

cell wall synthesis inhibitors

penicillins
cephalosporins
bacitracin
vancomycin

beta lactam antibiotics

penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems

pharyngitis TX
bacteria: s. pyogenes (+)

penicillin V

Otitis Media TX
S. pneumonia; HIB, Moraxella

Amoxicillin (borader spectrum)

Clavulanic acid + tazobactam MOA

Beta lactamase inhibitors

Clavulanic acid + tazobactam combo drugs

co-amoxiclav (+amoxicillin)
co-ticarclav (+ticarcillin)
pip-tax (pipercillin/tazobctam)

cephalosporins drugs

'cef' prefix
cefazolin, cephalexin, cefuroxime, ceftazidine

cephalosporins

5 gens
gen 3-5 Cross BBB
skin infections
MRSA

carbapenem drugs

'penem' suffix
imipenem, meropenem

carbapenems TX

serious and mixed infections
meningitis, pneumonia

bacitracin

med: polysporin
topical treatments

vancomycin

glycopeptide ABX
1st choice for MRSA
2nd choice for C.diff

protein synthesis inhibitors

macrolides
tetracyclines
aminoglycosides
lincomasides

macrolides meds

'mycin' suffix
erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithrozone

macrolides TX

1st choice: community acquired adult pneumonia
option for gonorrhoea w cephalosporin

tetracyclines meds

'ycline' suffix
tetracycline, doxycycline, monocycline

tetracyclines s/e

bone deformation

aminoglycosides meds

gentamicin, streptomycin, neomycin

aminoglycosides

potent
narrow TI
high-risk infections
cytotoxic

lincomasides

med: clindamycin
for surgical prophylaxis

RNA-DNA transcription inhibitors

fluoroquinolone
nitroimidazoles

fluoroquinolone

'xacin' suffix
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
tx: GI infections, UTI

ciprofloxacin TX

travellers diarrhoea

sulphonamides

antimetabolites
tx: UTI
inhibits cellular function - folic acid synthesis

sulphonamides meds

'sulfa' prefix
sulfamtheoxazole,

sulphonamides s.e

GI
superinfections
drug interactions
allergies (penicillins/ cephalosporins/ other sulphas)

tuberculosis TX

med synergy:
rifampin (DNA inhibition)
isoniazid (cell wall)
+ more anti TB meds

virus TX

immunizations / antivirals

HIV antiviral agents

PEP

Herpes virus antiviral agents

'simplex' 2 - oral and genital (acivlovir)
hV - 5 (CMV) - ganciclovir

influenza antiviral agents

tamiflu, amantadine

how do NSAIDS cause PUD

COX 1 inhibition of protective prostaglandins

3 drug options for TX PUD

- H2 receptor antagonism (parietal cell receptor)
- PPI
- Antacids

H2 receptor antagonists meds

'dine' suffix
ranitidine
cimetidine
famotidine

H2 receptor antagonists MOA

decreased HCL production

PPI drugs

'zole' suffix
omeprazole
iansoprazole
pantoprazole

PPI MOA

inhibit proton pump, prevents Hal acid secretions

antacids meds

based on mineral elements: Al, Mg, Ca, Na
alkaline agents
aluminum hydroxide
pesto bismol - bismuth subsalicylate

side effects of antacids

short term
Al - constipation
Mg - diarrhea

PUD 1st line therapy

3 antibiotics + PPI

bismuth therapy

antibiotics + bismuth subsalicylate

C. diff TX

1st line: flagyl (metronidazole)
2nd line: vancomycin

probiotics

lactobacillus acidophilus
bio K plus

antidiarrheals
opioids + atropine

lomotil (dyphenoxylate)
Imodium (loperamide HCl)
meperidine (demerol) + atropine ( is an antimuscarinic)

bulk forming laxatives MOA

pull water and add bulk into stool

bulk forming laxatives drugs

metamucil (psyllium)

softeners MOA

pulls water and fat into stools

softeners

decussate sodium

saline and osmotic laxatives MOA

pulls water in stool

saline and osmotic laxatives drugs

milk of magnesia
lactulose

stimulant/ irritants MOA

increase peristalsis
can cause obstruction

stimulant/ irritants drugs

dulcolax, Senna, castor oil

miscellaneous / lubricating laxatives drugs

mineral oil, glycerine

cathartic

enema

bloating TX

caused by gas: Gasex

H1 antagonists (antihistamines)
reduce vestibular excitation

dimenhydrinate (gravol)
meclzine
diclectin

ginger as medication

increases intestinal peristalsis, emptying of the gastrum
OD = bleeding, CNS depression

antimuscarinic anticholinergenitcs
reduce vestibular excitation

scopalamine
some affinity to H1receptors

5HT3 (serotonin) antagonsist

ondansetron (zofran)

5HT3 (serotonin) antagonsist stimulus

drug induced + chemotherapy tx, visceral pain

D2 receptor antagonism med class

stim: GI pain, s/e sedation

D2 receptor antagonism med

med class: phanothaizines
metoclopramide
prochlorperazine

target: CB1 and 2 anatgonism,
stim:

chemotherapy, chronic disease, challenging cases

CB1 and 2 ANT: canabinoids

dronabinol
cesamet

cannabinoids MOA

bindings stimulates GABA, inhibitory effects , inhibition of Sympathetic activity

colloid IV names

plasbumin
alburex

isotonic fluids

LR, NS, 5% albumin, dextran 40

NS

154 mEq Na
154 mEq Cl
isotonic
s/e: hypokalemia, no dextrose

LR

Na, K, Ca, Cl, lactate
isotonic
S/e: hyperkalemia, no dextrose, high lactate (alkaline)

hypertonic fluids

D5NS, D5LR, D10W, D5 0.45%NS, 3%NaCl, 25%albumin

3% NaCl TX

head injury to lower ICP