CISP Aging test 2

What are some factors that contribute to healthy aging?

-regular physical activity

-a balanced diet

- social engagement

-mental stimulation

-access to healthcare.

What are models of continuum care for the aged?

a seamless range of services that support an individual's needs as they age. These models include various levels of care such as:

• independent living

• assisted living

• skilled nursing

• rehabilitation services.

what are differences between the different levels, intensities, and settings of elder care?

-Independent living offers minimal support for daily activities

-assisted living provides help with personal care

-skilled nursing offers comprehensive medical care, and rehabilitation services focused on recovery from illness or surgery

What are the range of impacts of hearing loss on health in older adults?

-social isolation

-anxiety

-depression

-cognitive decline

-loss of confidence

-increased risk of falls.

It can also impact communication ability and overall quality of life.

Polypharmacy

the concurrent use of multiple medications by a patient, often defined as taking five or more medications simultaneously.

Pharmacokinetics

the branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement of drugs within the body, including their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Pharmacodynamics

the study of the effects of drugs on the body, including the mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, and side effects.

Medication non-adherence

the failure of a patient to take their medications as prescribed, whether due to forgetting doses, misunderstanding instructions, or side effects.

Adverse effects

unintended, harmful reactions caused by medication administration. They can range from mild side effects to severe reactions

what is the blood-brain barrier?

a selective permeability barrier that separates circulating blood from the brain's extracellular fluid, protecting the brain from potentially harmful substances while allowing essential nutrients to pass.

What is presbycusis?

an age-related hearing loss characterized by gradual loss of sensitivity to high-frequency sounds

What are the physiological changes involved in presbycusis?

changes in the inner ear structure, auditory nerve, and central auditory pathways.

How does how presbycusis presents in terms of specific hearing difficulties?

typically presents as difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds, such as consonants, leading to challenges in understanding speech, especially in noisy environments.

What are common causes of dementia?

• Alzheimer's disease

• vascular dementia

• Lewy body dementia

• frontotemporal dementia

What are symptoms of dementia?

Symptoms may vary but often include:

memory loss

confusion

difficulties with language

changes in mood or behavior

What is the typical age of onset for dementia?

65

What are health conditions that may increase risk of dementia?

• hypertension

• diabetes

• obesity

• cardiovascular disease

• depression

What are some hearing aid, assistive technology, and environmental modifications that can make communication easier for older people with hearing loss?

• Hearing aids, amplified telephones, and assistive listening devices can enhance sound clarity

• environmental modifications like reducing background noise and ensuring good lighting can facilitate better communication

what are the effects of medications on communication

• drowsiness

• confusion

• cognitive impairment.

What are adverse medication effects related to speech/language?

-Drug-induced slurred speech
-Drug-induced stuttering
-Drug-induced delirium (neuropsychological effect)

Extrapyramidal Side Effects

-Masked facial expression (low affect)
-Slurred speech
-Articulation impairment
-Involuntary tongue movements
-Bradykinetic dysarthria

Adverse Medication Effects Related to the Auditory
System

-Drug-induced Tinnitus
-Drug-induced Hearing loss
-Drug-induced falls (loss
of balance)

What does CUS stand for?

concerned, uncomfortable, safety