APES Plate tectonics

O-O Convergent Boundaries

Result in the creation of deep ocean trench, island arc of volcanoes on other side of trench, and STRONGEST earthquakes (subduction zone). Crust is destroyed.

O-C Convergent Boundaries

Result in the creation of deep ocean trench, mountains inland, and STRONGEST earthquakes (subduction zone). Crust is destroyed.

C-C Convergent Boundaries

Result in the creation of high mountain ranges through uplift, no volcanoes, and moderate earthquakes (collision zone). Crust neither created nor destroyed.

Continental Divergent Boundaries

Result in the creation of rift valleys, eventually new oceans, mild earthquakes, and volcanoes. New crust created.

Oceanic Divergent Boundaries

Result in the creation of mid ocean ridges, eventually new oceans, mild earthquakes, and volcanoes. New crust created.

Transform Boundaries

Result in fractures in lithosphere as plates slide, frequent and moderate earthquakes, and no volcanoes. Crust neither created nor destroyed.

Hot Spots

Result in volcanic island arcs away from plate boundaries.

Composite volcanoes (or stratovolcanoes)

Explosive, tall with steep slopes, magma is high in silica and dissolved gases.

Shield volcanoes

Not explosive, gentle slopes, magma is runny and low in silica and dissolved gases.

Cinder cones

Made of cinders, conical, most simple volcano

Service functions of volcanoes

Produce new land (primary succession), change the course of rivers, volcanic ash makes fertile soils