Introduction to Psychology

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on psychological theories and their applications.

Theory

An explanation for how and why a particular phenomenon happens, backed by empirical data.

Hypothesis

An educated guess predicting the outcome of a specific study based on prior research.

Empirical Evidence

Information acquired by observation or experimentation, crucial for testing theories.

Biological Approach

An approach that focuses on biological factors such as genetics and neurochemistry in explaining behavior.

Humanist Approach

A perspective that emphasizes personal growth and the concept of self, particularly in therapy.

Midrange Theories

Theories that explain more specific phenomena rather than attempting to account for all of human behavior.

Applied Psychology

The use of psychological theories and principles to solve real-world problems and improve people's lives.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

The theory that examines discomfort arising from holding conflicting beliefs or behaviors.

Self-Efficacy

The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish tasks.

Mastery Experience

A process of overcoming challenges that boosts self-efficacy through successful completion of tasks.

Vicarious Experiences

Learning through observing the successes of others, which can enhance one's own self-efficacy.

Social Norms

Unwritten rules about how to behave in a society; these guide individual behavior within social contexts.

Behavioral Change

The process of altering patterns of behavior, often influenced by social norms, motivation, and self-efficacy.

Theory of Change

A comprehensive framework that maps out the steps necessary to achieve a desired change in behavior or outcomes.

Verbal Persuasion

Encouragement or advice given by others which can enhance one's self-efficacy.

Basic Psychology vs. Applied Psychology

Basic psychology focuses on theoretical understanding while applied psychology focuses on practical outcomes to address real-world issues.

National Seniors Day

A societal initiative aimed at celebrating seniors and promoting their engagement and health.