Biology- cell division

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9 Terms

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IPMAT

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

2
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Interphase

  • happens before mitosis

  • enlargement of cells

  • duplication of DNA

  • this phase of cell is getting ready to divide

<ul><li><p>happens before mitosis </p></li><li><p>enlargement of cells</p></li><li><p>duplication of DNA</p></li><li><p>this phase of cell is getting ready to divide </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Prophase

  • chromosomes are visible

  • each chromosome has an identical pair of chromatids joined by centromere

  • spindle fibres start to form

<ul><li><p>chromosomes are visible</p></li><li><p>each chromosome has an identical pair of chromatids joined by centromere </p></li><li><p>spindle fibres start to form </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Metaphase

  • nuclear membrane breaks down

  • chromosomes float freely

  • chromosomes will move to line up in the middle of the cell by spindle fibres

<ul><li><p>nuclear membrane breaks down</p></li><li><p>chromosomes float freely </p></li><li><p>chromosomes will move to line up in the middle of the cell by spindle fibres </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Anaphase

  • the chromatid pairs are separated by spindle fibres to poles of the cell

<ul><li><p>the chromatid pairs are separated by spindle fibres to poles of the cell</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Telophase

  • the two sets of chromosomes are now at separate poles

  • spindle fibres break down

  • chromosomes condense

  • new nuclear membrane forms

<ul><li><p>the two sets of chromosomes are now at separate poles </p></li><li><p>spindle fibres break down </p></li><li><p>chromosomes condense </p></li><li><p>new nuclear membrane forms </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Cytokinesis

  • final splitting of cytoplasm

  • leaves two daughter cells

  • produce cells that are identical to each other and parent cells

<ul><li><p>final splitting of cytoplasm </p></li><li><p>leaves two daughter cells </p></li><li><p>produce cells that are identical to each other and parent cells </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Binary fission- Prokaryote

most prokaryote use to reproduce:

  • DNA is replicated, 2 circular chromosomes

  • each copy, attach to cell membrane

  • cell begins to pull apart

  • cytokinesis/ mutation of new cell

    Prokaryotic cells use binary fission, a simple and quick process that allows them to reproduce rapidly. This helps them adapt to changing environments and outcompete other organisms.

<p>most prokaryote use to reproduce:</p><ul><li><p>DNA is replicated, 2 circular chromosomes</p></li><li><p>each copy, attach to cell membrane</p></li><li><p>cell begins to pull apart</p></li><li><p>cytokinesis/ mutation of new cell</p><p>Prokaryotic cells use <strong>binary fission</strong>, a simple and quick process that allows them to reproduce rapidly. This helps them <strong>adapt to changing environments</strong> and outcompete other organisms.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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cell division- Eukaryotes

  • all cells arise from pre-existing cells

  • have same amount of chromosomes as parent cells

  • ipmat

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