bio 212 skull+anatomical terms

anterior/ventral

front of body

posterior/dorsal

back of body

medial

to the midline of body

lateral

to the sides of the body

central

toward center of body

peripheral

toward outer edge of body

cranial

towards the head

caudal

toward the feet

proximal

close to limb

distal

away from limb

superficial (external)

close to surface

deep (internal)

close to middle of body

frontal sect.

section diving the body into anterior and posterior portions

coronal sect.

divides head into anterior and posterior portiosn

sagittal section

divides body into left and right

transverse sect.

divides body into cranial and caudal portions

crest

bony ridge

condyle

rounded bony projection possessing a smooth surface for articulating with another bone

epicondyle

roughened projection near a condyle that is a place of attachment for tendons and ligaments

head

the enlarged often rounded end of a bone

line

a low bony ridge

process

generalized term for projection

ramus

an elongated sometimes columnar process

shaft

elongate, middle portion of a long bone

spine

a projection often narrow and pointed

trochanter

large blunt process

tubercle

small usually rounded process

tuberosity

large process

facet

smooth flat surface for articulation, usually rounded or oval

fissure

narrow slit like opening in a bone

foramen

a hole in a bone

fossa

depression in a bone

meatus

a deep canal penetrating a bone

neck

shallow groove separating the head from the shaft of a long bone

sulcus

narrow groove in a bone

# bones in cranium

8; frontal, parietal(2), temporal(2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

# facial bones

15; Maxilla (2), palatine(2), zygomatic(2), lacrimal(2), nasal(2), vomer, inferior nasal conchae(2), mandible (2)

Major landmarks

5; Zygomatic arch, orbit, hard palate, sinuses, hyoid

features of the frontal

a. glabella

b. supra orbital foramen

c. zygomatic process of the frontal

parts of the parietal

a. sagittal suture

parts of the temporal

a. squamosal suture

b. zygomatic process of the temporal

c. external acoustic/auditory meatus

d. styloid process

e. mastoid process

f. mandibular fossa

g. jugular foramen

h. carotid canal

parts of the occipital

a. lambdoidal suture

b. foramen magnum

c. occipital condyles

parts of the sphenoid

a. sella turcica

b. optic foramen/canal

c. pterygoid process

parts of the ethmoid

a. crista galli

b. cribriform plate

c. perpendicular plate