The modern synthesis of evolutionary theory

modern evolutionary synthesis

• this emerged during the 20th uniting Darwin’s theory of evolution to Mendel’s view on heredity with a joint mathematical framework

• how to transfer

what didn’t natural selection provide a ____ ____ of how variation arose and was transferred to future generations

formal mechanism

blending inheritance

2 parents that have a given trait and result with the average trait for both parents

law of dominance and uniformity

• alleles can be dominant or recessive. an organism with at least one dominant allele will express that phenotype.

• to be transferred

• AA or aa

law of segregation

• when gametes are produced, alleles are segregated so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

• Aa

law of independent assortment

• genes underlying different traits can segregate independently during the formation of genes

• independent from one another

Ronald A. Fisher

• modern stastical theory guy

• showed how continuous variation could arise from a number of a discrete genetic loci

• “Genetic Theory of Natural Selection (Mendlen genetics to evolution theory) also demonstrated that Mendlian genetics are consistent with theory of Natural Selection

J.B.S. Haldane

• rapid shift of melanistic moths

• wrote a series of papers analyzing real life examples of natural selection

• hypothesized the sickle-cell disease confers some immunity to malaria

• calculated the selective advangtage necessay to explain the color patterns in melanistic moths

microevolution

• at or below species leveled

• changes in gene frequencies that occur with in pop

macroevolution

• at or above species level

• the evolution of taxa and traits beyond intraspecific variations, above the species level

systematics

the study of the diversity and evolutionary relationship of organisms through time, as well as underlying processes

examples of microevolution

• processes occurring below the species level

• short term genetic and phenotype changes

• processes inferred form liveing species

• pop genetics

examples of macroevolution

• patterns at the specific level and above

• long term changes, mostly phenotype

• patterns may include both species and their fossil relatives

• phylogenetics, systematics