Monosaccharides

What are monosaccharides?

Monomers

What are monosaccharides classified by?

The number of carbons they possess.

What are three-carbon sugars called?

Trioses.

What are five-carbon sugars called?

Pentoses (e.g., deoxyribose, ribose).

What are six-carbon sugars called?

Hexoses (e.g., glucose, galactose, fructose).

What is the typical structure of monosaccharides?

Mostly ring structures, all attached to -OH group, one carbon atom usually outside the ring.

What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in monosaccharides?

1:2:1.

What function do monosaccharides serve in the blood?

Easily transported, dissolving in plasma.

What energy-related function do monosaccharides fulfill?

Transfers and stores energy.

What can result from storing large quantities of monosaccharides in cells?

Osmotic problems.

What do monosaccharides build?

More complex molecules

What are the two isomers of glucose?

Alpha (a) D-Glucose and beta (B) D-Glucose.

Why is glucose described as polar and hydrophilic?

It is soluble in aqueous solutions.

What do monosaccharides have that makes them very stable?

Strong covalent bonds.

What happens to glucose when it is oxidized during cellular respiration?

It gives out energy.