\-named group of programming instructions that may have parameters/return values
\-referred to by different names (method or function) depending on the programming language.
New cards
2
for-each counting loop
block that repeatedly processes one or more instructions until some condition is met
New cards
3
repeat until loop
\-Block that repeats its code until the boolean condition evaluates to true.
\-If the condition evaluates to true initially, the code is not executed at all
\-There can be an infinite loop if the ending condition never evaluates to true.
New cards
4
Logo
\-programming language invented in the 1960s by Seymour Papert
\-used to draw simple and complex geometric shapes.
New cards
5
iterative thinking
thinking process of repeatedly processing a limited number of steps
New cards
6
step-wise refinement
thinking process of moving one small step at a time when developing a program
New cards
7
design thinking
\-iterative process
\-consists of understanding the user; challenging assumptions; & redefining problems to identify strategies/solutions that might not be instantly apparent
\-empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test
New cards
8
step 1 of design thinking (empathize)
investigating & understanding users to identify the program requirements through surveys, user testing, or interviews
New cards
9
step 2 of design thinking (define)
analyzing the problem & determining the program specifications
New cards
10
step 3 of design thinking (ideate)
brainstorming possible solutions through paper prototypes or making a list of ideas
New cards
11
step 4 of design thinking (prototype)
Creatively build simple solutions
New cards
12
step 5 of design thinking(test)
Evaluate the solutions
New cards
13
hypothesis
explanation that can be tested by experimentation written in if/then format
New cards
14
simulation
\-Mimics real-world events with the purpose of drawing inferences
\-Involves removing specific details/simplifying functionality.
-Facilitates the formulation & refinement of hypotheses related to the objects/phenomena under consideration.
\-Computer simulations usually make some simplifying assumptions about the real-world object being modeled.
New cards
15
randomness
\-lack of pattern/regularity
\-sequence of events has no order
New cards
16
deterministic
process that is completely predictable
New cards
17
pseudo random number generator (PRNG)
-Algorithm that generates a series of numbers that appear to be random but are determined by it -Simulation (abstraction) of real randomness
New cards
18
seed
tells the PRNG where to begin in the sequence
New cards
19
pseudo random numbers
requires seed, mod, & formula
New cards
20
linear congruential generator (LCG)
-PRNG that uses a linear function -Does not require much memory
New cards
21
random event
-event that cannot be predicted with certainty -i.e. flipping a fair coin, rolling a die, picking a card from a well shuffled deck.
New cards
22
random block
block that gets pseudo-random numbers
New cards
23
random fraction block
block that only generates values between 0 & 0.99
New cards
24
model
abstraction that provides a simplified representation of some object/phenomenon
New cards
25
fair coin
flipped coin that would come up heads 50% of the time over a large number of coin flips
New cards
26
modular arithmetic
-system of arithmetic for whole numbers in which the numbers “wrap around” upon reaching a certain value (the modulus) -i.e. a 12-hour clock "wraps around" to 1 after 12
New cards
27
mod operator
returns the remainder when a number is divided by another
New cards
28
computing innovation
\-executes a program as a fundamental part of its function
\-i.e. picture editing software, self-driving car
New cards
29
data
-information formatted in a certain way -i.e. text on paper, bytes stored electronically
New cards
30
computing innovations w/ data
\-input
\-processing
\-storage
\-output
New cards
31
data privacy
assures that personal/corporate confidential information is collected, used, protected & destroyed legally & fairly
New cards
32
data security
controls access to personal information, protecting against its unauthorized use & acquisition
New cards
33
data storage
\-archives data
\-2 types of storage (hard data & remote data)
New cards
34
hard data
\-RAM
\-Hard Drive
\-flash drives
\-solid state
New cards
35
remote data
cloud computing
New cards
36
personally identifiable information (PII)
\-information about an individual that identifies, links, relates, is unique to, or describes them.
\-i.e. social security number, age, race, phone number(s)
New cards
37
cookies
\-Small files or bits of data that are stored on your computer.
Studied by 18 people
