History notes Chaptyer 29 and 30

Black Panthers

Black nationalist group advocating self-defense.

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Prohibited discrimination in housing.

ARVN

Army of the Republic of Vietnam.

U.S. goal in Vietnam

Containment of communism.

Domino theory

Communist victory in one nation leads to others.

William Westmoreland

U.S. Army general in Vietnam War.

Pentagon Papers

Classified documents revealing U.S. policy in Vietnam.

Military draft

Compulsory military service.

Body count

Number of enemy killed in combat.

Year of 1968

Tumultuous year of assassinations and protests.

Election of 1968

Richard Nixon elected president.

Ho Chi Minh Trail

Logistical network used by North Vietnam.

Freedom Riders

Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses.

Brown vs Board of Education

Supreme Court case that ended segregation in schools.

Plessy vs Ferguson

Supreme Court case that upheld segregation.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Law that ended segregation in public places.

Malcolm X

Civil rights activist who advocated for black nationalism.

MLK JR

Civil rights activist who advocated for nonviolent protest.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Law that ended discriminatory voting practices.

Organized movements

Groups of people working together for a common cause.

Montgomery Improvement Association

Organization that led the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

De facto/de jure segregation

De facto: segregation by custom. De jure: segregation by law.

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Alleged attack on US ships by North Vietnam in 1964.

Viet Cong

Communist guerrilla force in South Vietnam.

Rosa Parks

Civil rights activist who refused to give up her bus seat.

Fannie Lou Hamer

Civil rights activist and leader of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.

Tet Offensive (1968)

A massive, coordinated Communist assault against more than 100 cities and towns in South Vietnam.

Hawk

Person who supported the Vietnam War.

Dove

Person who opposed the Vietnam War.

Civil Rights Movement

Movement for equal rights for African Americans in the US.

Vietnam

Country in Southeast Asia where the Vietnam War took place.

WWII impact on the Civil Rights Movement

Inspired African Americans to fight for their rights after fighting for their country.

Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement

Improved civil rights and equality for African Americans.

Anti-war movement

Protests against the Vietnam War in the US.

War Powers Act

Limits presidential war-making powers.

Democratic National Convention 1968

In Chicago in 1968; where Democratic delegates gathered to nominate Vice-president Hubert Humphrey.

Nixon

37th U.S. President.

Vietnamization

Strategy for withdrawing U.S. troops and turning the ground fighting over to the South Vietnamese.

Credibility Gap

The gap between the truth and what the Johnson Administration was reporting to the US citizens.

Freedom Summer

1964 voter registration drive.

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership Conference formed in 1957 to fight segregation and encourage African Americans to vote.

SNCC

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee led by Robert Moses and Stokely Carmichael.

Effects of the Vietnam War

Casualties, PTSD, anti-war movement in the US.

MLK's view on the Vietnam War

Opposed U.S. involvement.

Agent Orange

Toxic herbicide used in Vietnam War to clear jungles.