Microbiology Ch. 20 (exam 3)

croup

any kind of laryngitis with laryngeal spasms in children; marked by hoarse, barking cough, and difficult breathing

cystic fibrosis

congential hereditary disease marked by dysfunction of any exocrine gland; increase in sodium and potassium concentration of sweat and overproduction of mucus that leads to severe respiratory and digestive problems; chronic pulmonary disease and pancreatic immunosufficiency

epiglottitis

inflammation of the epiglottis

tonsillitis

inflammation of the tonsil or tonsils

pneumonia

fluid accumulation in the lung

mastoiditis

inflammation of the mastoid process

sinusitis

inflammation of the sinuses

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

otitis

inflammation of the ear

otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear; usually secondary to a respiratory infection and transmitted to the middle ear through the auditory tube

upper respiratory tract

have cilia and mucus; middle ear, mastoid cavity, nasal sinuses, nasopharynx

lower respiratory tract

trachea, bronchi, lungs

mucociliary elevator

traps debris and bacteria, which are then moved to the esophagus and out of the respiratory system

alveolar macrophages

important part of host defense inside the lungs

chest wall/diaphragm

important in coughing and clearing secretions from respiratory system

mycobacterium tuberculosis

extremely contagious; #2 infectious deaths worldwide

influenza

#6 infectious deaths worldwide

measles

extremely contagious; #15 infectious deaths worldwide

streptococcus pyogenes

person to person via saliva, contact, airborne; longterm survival on environmental surfaces; spread rapidly in crowded settings; only pharyngitis that warrant antibiotics

pharyngitis

sudden onset of sore throat, malaise, fever, and headache

erysipelis

painful, inflammed skin, raised and clearly demarcated from healthy skin; common in young children or older adults

cellulitis

involves connective tissue and skin; painful, inflammed, raised, not clearly demarcated

impetigo

lesions on the skin that are reddish and have crusted exudates, blistering can occur; warm summer months usually on children with bad hygiene

necrotizing fasciitis

destruction of fat and fascia between skin and muscle; treatment is not successful usually ends in amputation or death; can form gangrene

scarlet fever

rash with bumps on abdomen and chest; spreads onto entire body; tongue becomes “strawberry tongue”

glomerulonephritis

acute kidney disease; edema and hematuria occur after strep throat or systemic infection; prognosis is worse in adults than children

rheumatic fever

autoimmune condition in which antibodies may cross-react with human heart and joint tissue; migrating arthritis; weakend heart valves

penicillin or erythromycin

treatment for pharyngitis

cut open tissue and apply antibiotics directly to infection

treatment for necrotizing fasciitis

streptococcus pneumoniae

lung infection usually following influenza; part of normal flora

pneumococcal pneumonia

affect cilia action and increase mucus secretions; allows moucus contianing pnuemococci to reach lower respiratory tract

aspiration pneumonia

usually in lower lobe; productive cough with bloody sputum

pleurisy

pain on breathing

otitis media

can lead to permenant hearing loss; can be caused by mixed bacterial/viral infections; usually cleared without antibiotics

pneumovax

vaccine with 23 most common capsular serotypes; reccomended for those at increased risk and soon to be infant vaccine

prevnar (PCV-7)

seven capsular serotypes. replaced

PCV-13

conjugated vaccine for use in infants; 13 capsular serotyoes; reduces invasive disease but has little effect on ostitis media

cornybacterium diphtheriae

mostly in children; common in urban areas, airborne or contact transmission; humans are the only known reservior

diphtheria toxin

exotoxin it makes that results in epithelial cell death; causes inflammatory response that causes production of a pseudomembrane which can cause suffocation

cutaneous diphtheria

skin infections with simple pustule or non-healing ulceration; sometimes covered with grey membrane

antitoxin or antibiotics

treatment for diphtheria

legionella pneumophilia

grows in soil and water; worldwide; intercellular parasite in macrophages; atypical pnuemonia; usually overlooked

pontiac fever

mild fever, dry cough, headache, diarrhea and vomitting; no evidence of pnuemonia

legionaires disease

requires prompt treatment; fever, chills, cough, headache with pnuemonia; considerable lung damage; susceptible patients deteriorate quickly

erythromycin

treatment for legionella pnuemophilia