Unit 2 APUSH Terms

Vocabulary flashcards covering key Unit 2 APUSH terms.

Middle Passage

The transatlantic voyage that enslaved Africans endured from Africa to the Americas as part of the triangular trade.

John Calvin

16th-century French theologian whose ideas formed Calvinism, emphasizing predestination and a disciplined moral life.

John Rolfe

Early Jamestown settler who perfected tobacco cultivation, which secured the colony's economic future; married Pocahontas.

Captain John Smith

English explorer and leader of Jamestown who organized the settlement and enforced discipline; associated with the motto 'He who will not work, shall not eat'.

House of Burgesses

Virginia’s first elective legislative assembly, established in 1619, a foundation for self-government.

Indian War 1622

Surprise attack by Powhatan Confederacy against English settlements in Virginia, leading to renewed hostilities.

Lord Baltimore

Title held by the Calvert family; founded Maryland as a proprietary colony and promoted religious tolerance for Christians.

Toleration Act of 1649

Maryland law granting freedom of worship to Christians and protecting Catholics within a Christian framework.

indentured servitude

A colonial labor system where migrants worked under contract for a set term in exchange for passage.

Great Migration

Large-scale movement of Puritans to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s.

Puritans

English Protestants seeking to purify the Church of England; settled New England with strict moral codes.

Pilgrims

Separatists who left England for religious reasons and settled Plymouth Colony in 1620.

John Winthrop

Leader of the Great Migration and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony; speaker of 'city upon a hill'.

Mayflower Compact

1620 agreement among Pilgrims to govern themselves with majority rule in the Plymouth colony.

William Bradford

Governor of Plymouth Colony; organizer of the Mayflower Compact and chronicler of Plymouth’s history.

Congregational Church

Puritan local church governance where each congregation governs itself without a bishop.

Roger Williams

Puritan minister who founded Rhode Island and advocated religious freedom and separation of church and state, banished from Massachusetts for advocating separation of church and state.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan dissenter banished for challenging clergy authority; helped establish Rhode Island.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

1639 framework establishing the first written constitution and a system of representative government.

Iroquois Confederation

Haudenosaunee: alliance of six Northeastern Native nations (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca; later Tuscarora) influential in colonial affairs.

Metacom/King Philip

Wampanoag leader, called ___ by English, who led King Philip’s War against New England settlers.

Pequot War

1636–1638 conflict between the ___ tribe and English colonists in Connecticut, ending with the destruction of the Pequot.

Bacon’s Rebellion

1676 uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel ___ against Governor Berkeley’s policies toward Native Americans and frontier settlers.

Sir William Berkeley

Governor of Virginia during Bacon’s Rebellion; criticized for favoring Native American relations and backcountry policy.

royal colony

A colony governed directly by the English crown with a royal governor.

headright system

Land-grant program awarding 50 acres to settlers or to those who financed passage for others, encouraging migration.